Publications

Matjaž Kljun
Differences on How People Organize and Think About Personal Information Doctoral Consortium. Proceedings of UMAP 2011, Girona, Spain
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Author(s): Matjaž Kljun
Title: Differences on How People Organize and Think About Personal Information
Conference Information: International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, JUL 06-08, 2011, Girona, Spain
Source: Proceedings of International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization
Book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Published: 2011

Personal information management (PIM) is a study on how people handle, store, classify, organize, maintain, archive personal information to support their needs and tasks. In the last decade a lot of studies focused on how people acquire, organize, maintain and retrieve information from their information spaces with a focus on offices, electronic documents, email and web bookmarks and the fragmentation of information between these collections. Results have led to many research prototypes that tried to either augment present tools or integrate these collections within entirely new designs. However, not much has changed in the present tools, and hierarchies still prevail as the storage foundation. Our research aims at understanding the difference between how people organize their information in various applications and physical space and how they actually think of this information in relation to tasks they have to accomplish. We carried out a preliminary study and are currently finishing another study which both show that there is a difference on how information is organized in formal structures on computers and physical spaces and how it is thought of in users’ heads. These findings have motivated the design of an application that tries to mimic the latter.

@incollection {kljun2011differences,
   author = {Kljun, Matjaž},
   affiliation = {Infolab21, School of Computing and Communications, 
                  Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4WA United Kingdom},
   title = {Differences on How People Organize and Think about Personal Information},
   booktitle = {User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   editor = {Konstan, Joseph and Conejo, Ricardo and Marzo, José and Oliver, Nuria},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
   isbn = {978-3-642-22361-7},
   pages = {430-433},
   volume = {6787},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22362-4_44},
   note = {10.1007/978-3-642-22362-4_44},
   year = {2011}
}
    

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Kljun, Matjaž
A2  - Konstan, Joseph
A2  - Conejo, Ricardo
A2  - Marzo, José
A2  - Oliver, Nuria
T1  - Differences on How People Organize and Think about Personal Information
TI  - User Modeling, Adaption and Personalization
T3  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science
PY  - 2011
PB  - Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
SN  - 978-3-642-22361-7
SP  - 430
EP  - 433
VL  - 6787
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22362-4_44
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-642-22362-4_44
ER  - 
    

Matjaž Kljun, Alan Dix
PIM Research Protoypes Ideas and What Has Been Transferred to Mainstream Software Technical report, Lancaster University
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Author(s): Matjaž Kljun, Alan Dix
Title: PIM Research Protoypes Ideas and What Has Been Transferred to Mainstream Software
Institution: University of Lancaster
Department: School of Computing and Communications, Infolab 21
Published: Technical Report, Unpublished

Personal Information Management (PIM) is a study on how people acquire, organize, maintain, retrieve, archive and discard information for various reasons and needs in physical and digital worlds. Many PIM tools are available for managing information on our desktop computers. And many research prototypes tried to augment or replace them. The development of these tools was based on the knowledge drawn form the field of psychology, human computer interaction, information retrieval and the research in the PIM field. Different metaphors and ways of organizing were introduced. However, little has been transferred to mainstream products. Most of these these prototypes were not extensively tested but results of the most looked prominent. This paper a classification of PIM research prototypes, solved issues, what has been developed and learnt, what has been transferred in mainstream applications and a quick look in to the future on where the development and research prototypes might be heading.

This paper provides an early classification and is a basis for another in depth analysis of supported means and trends in PIM prototypes research (based on PIM activities - see later publications on http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/). A lot of text from this paper is left out in the new version. Especially the analysis of what have been transferred to available software for consumers. Hence a technical report as this could prove of use for other researchers.

@unpublished{kljun2010pimtools,
      month = {November},
       type = {Technical report},
      title = {PIM Research Protoypes Ideas and What Has Been Transferred to 
               Mainstream Software.},
     author = {Matja\v{z} Kljun and Alan Dix},
       year = {2010},
institution = {Lancaster University, School of Computing and Communications, Infolab 21},
   keywords = {personal information management, prototype, PIM software, 
               task information management},
        url = {},
   abstract = {},
}
    

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CT  - PIM Research Protoypes Ideas and What Has Been Transferred to Mainstream Software.
A1  - Kljun, Matjaz
A2  - Dix, Alan
PY  - 2010/10/
CY  - Lancaster
KW  - personal information management
KW  - prototype
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KW  - task information management
M1  - technical_report
AV  - public
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ER  -
    

Matjaž Kljun, Alan Dix, Franc Solina
A study of a crosstool information usage on personal computers: how users mentally link information relating to a task but residing in different applications and how importance and type of acquisition affect this. Technical report, Lancaster University
More | Abstract | DOI | Download (PDF) | BibTex | EndNote (RIS) | Cited by 1 (self citation as of 10/11) (Google link)

Author(s): Matjaž Kljun, Alan Dix, Franc Solina
Title: A study of a crosstool information usage on personal computers : how users mentally link information relating to a task but residing in different applications and how importance and type of acquisition affect this.
Institution: University of Lancaster
Department: Department of Computing, InfoLab 21
Published: eprints, Lancaster University, November 2009

Our information space is partitioned between real and digital worlds. Information in a digital world is fragmented between several devices such us mobile phones, handheld devices, netbooks, notebooks and personal computers. Even on each device information is fragmented because of several information formats or types (files, emails, web bookmarks. etc.) and applications. To some extent we already understand how we manage documents in the real world, mobile devices and software applications. But we have yet to understand how information between applications, devices and the real world is connected and how we cope with the burden of memorizing connections while we constantly create new ones. This research emphasized information management on personal computers. Our aim was to find out how much information users consider important in three main hierarchy based structures (files, emails and web bookmarks), how information between hierarchies (and applications) is mentally linked and managed according to tasks, how long it is regarded as important and if this information receives any special treatment. An online questionnaire was developed and participants were invited to daily enter the data about information they considered important and to link that information to other information where they thought the link is necessary. The results showed that participants regarded their information as important but the time this information was considered important was short. It also showed that more created information was regarded as important than received or found, that information was mentally linked in the same hierarchy as well as across hierarchies or tools and also that information can be part of several task information collections or that collections overlap. Although this study showed clear evidence that users do mentally link their information, it also raised several question like how links are maintained, how they relate to tasks and how they change over time.

@unpublished{kljun2009crosstool,
      month = {November},
       type = {Working Paper},
      title = {A study of a crosstool information usage on personal computers: 
               how users mentally link information relating to a task but residing in 
               different applications and how importance and type of acquisition affect 
               this.},
     author = {Matja\v{z} Kljun and Alan Dix and Franc Solina},
       year = {2009},
institution = {Lancaster University, Infolab 21},
   keywords = {personal information management, information importance, task, 
               task information management},
        url = {http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/33816/},
   abstract = {},
}
    

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ER  -
    

Matjaž Kljun
Personal information management on personal computers, Master thesis, University of Ljubljana
More | Abstract | DOI | Download (PDF in Slovenian) | BibTex | EndNote (RIS)

Author(s): Matjaž Kljun
Title: Personal information management on personal computers
Mentor: prof. dr. Franc Solina
Institution: University of Ljubljana
Department: Faculty of Computer and Information Science
Published: June, 2008

We are surrounded with rapidly increasing amounts of information in digital form that we try to manage in our virtual environments on personal computers. In this process of managing information we come across two major obstacles. The first one is the software that we use to handle information. Its concepts were developed over thirty years ago and it exceedingly lacks support to our way of thinking, organizing and retrieving things. The second obstacle are different technological formats of information (files, e-mail and web pages) which form a complete information set but have to be managed in separate tools.
Development of management software is slow and future guidelines do not show any radical improvements. None of these tools support managing as a whole. To develop such tools we need to fully understand our way of managing things which to some extent has already been done. The first part of the theses is an overview of previous research and several development tools which tried to solve some of the obstacles. The main focus of the theses is on an attempt to understand how files, emails and web sites (or bookmarks) are related and how users manage them together within different software. It was already demonstrated that we create directories with equal names in all three hierarchies. But we still do not understand how are separate items (files, emails, web pages) connected. We also tried to understand which information is important to users, where it comes from and how users manage it. The results showed that users form an interconnected map between various items and not directories, that very few important items stay important for a longer period of time and most of important information is created by ourselves.
Based on our results and previous research we presented some concepts which would better support our way of managing personal information but this has yet to be proved. Lack of research of different concepts, models and familiarity with existing software are holding the so needed development of managing software back.

@mastersthesis{kljun2008pimonpc,
  Author = {Matja{\v z} Kljun},
   Month = {06},
  School = {University of Ljubljana, Faculty of computer and information science},
   Title = {Personal Information Management on Personal Computers},
    Year = {2008},
}
    

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ER  -
    

Matjaž Kljun, Jernej Vičič, Branko Kavšek, Alenka Kavčič
Evaluating comparisons and evaluations of learning management systems, Proceedings of the ITI 2007
More | Abstract | DOI | Download draft (PDF) | BibTex | EndNote (RIS) | Cited by 12 (as of 10/11) (Google link)

Author(s): Matjaž Kljun, Jernej Vičič, Branko Kavšek, Alenka Kavčič
Title: Evaluating comparisons and evaluations of learning management systems
Conference Information: 29th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, JUN 25-28, 2007 Cavtat, Croatia
Source: Proceedings of the ITI 2007 29th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces
Book Series: ITI Pages: 363-368,
Published: 2007

In the last years, numerous papers were published comparing different learning management systems (LMS). Some of them dealt with only few comparison criteria, while others included almost every imaginable feature. When faced to do a comparison ourselves, we came across many of such papers and did a research of what authors considered relevant in an LMS. By comparing papers written in different years, we tried to find out if there is a pattern of features linked to a certain time period, how a demand for new features was evolving through time, and how did LMS developers respond to this demand. We also tried to figure out the present demands and which new features will be included in future versions of LMSs.

@inproceedings{kljun2007evaluating,
   author = {Matja\v{z} Kljun and Jernej Vi\v{c}i\v{c} and Branko Kav\v{s}ek and 
             Alenka Kav\v{c}i\v{c}},
booktitle = {Information Technology Interfaces, 2007. ITI 2007. 29th International 
             Conference on}, 
    title = {Evaluating Comparisons and Evaluations of Learning Management Systems},
     year = {2007},
    month = {june},
   volume = {},
   number = {}, 
    pages = {363 -368},
 keywords = {learning management system;teaching;computer aided instruction;teaching;},
      doi = {10.1109/ITI.2007.4283797},
     ISSN = {1330-1012}
}  
    

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ID  - kljun2007evaluating
JO  - Information Technology Interfaces, 2007. ITI 2007. 29th International Conference on
TI  - Evaluating Comparisons and Evaluations of Learning Management Systems
T2  - Information Technology Interfaces, 2007. ITI 2007. 29th International Conference on
SN  - 1330-1012
SP  - 363
EP  - 368
AU  - Kljun, Matjaz
AU  - Vicic, Jernej
AU  - Kavsek, Branko
AU  - Kavcic, Alenka
PY  - 2007
KW  - computer aided instruction
KW  - teaching
KW  - learning management system
KW  - teaching
JA  - Information Technology Interfaces, 2007. ITI 2007. 29th International Conference on
DOI  - 10.1109/ITI.2007.4283797
UR  - 10.1109/ITI.2007.4283797
ER  - 
    

Jernej Vičič, Branko Kavšek, Matjaž Kljun, Andrej Brodnik
Extending traditional learning by enforcing collaboration and self-assessment, Proceedings of the ITI 2007
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Author(s): Jernej Vičič, Branko Kavšek, Matjaž Kljun, Andrej Brodnik
Title: Extending traditional learning by enforcing collaboration and self-assessment
Conference Information: 29th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, JUN 25-28, 2007 Cavtat, Croatia
Source: Proceedings of the ITI 2007 29th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces Book Series: ITI, Pages: 387-392,
Published: 2007

The paper presents a way to overcome the shortcomings of traditional learning by enforcing collaboration between students and introducing self-assessment as part of the process of final grade formation. Treating collaboration and self assessment as two elements of a modern learning process that are very closely bounded together, the authors argue that these elements should by no means replace the traditional (ex-cathedra) way of learning but rather extend it. A specifically designed computer science course is presented as an illustration of how the introduction of self-assessment combined with teacher evaluation can encourage collaboration between students. The benefits and drawbacks of this method are discussed.

@inproceedings{vicic2007extlearning,
   author = {Jernej Vi\v{c}i\v{c} and Branko Kav\v{s}ek and Matja\v{z} Kljun and 
             Andrej Brodnik},
booktitle = {Information Technology Interfaces, 2007. ITI 2007. 29th International 
             Conference on}, 
    title = {Extending Traditional Learning by Enforcing Collaboration and 
             Self-Assessment},
     year = {2007},
    month = {25-28},
   volume = {},
   number = {},
    pages = {387 -392},
 keywords = {collaborative learning;computer science course;e-learning;self-assessment;
             computer aided instruction;groupware;},
      doi = {10.1109/ITI.2007.4283801},
     ISSN = {1330-1012},
}
    

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ER  - 
    

Andreja Istenič Starčič , Andrej Brodnik, Matjaž Kljun
Information communication educational technologies in lifelong learning of underprivileged groups, Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS
More | Abstract | DOI | Download draft (PDF) | BibTex | EndNote (RIS) | Cited by 1 (as of 08/10) (Google link)

Author(s): Andreja Istenič Starčič , Andrej Brodnik, Matjaž Kljun
Title: Information communication educational technologies in lifelong learning of underprivileged groups
Source: Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Software Engineering, Parallel and Distributed Systems, Corfu Island, Greece,
Pages: 140-147
Published: 2007
Publisher: World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA

The paper describes conditions that influenced the implementation of new technologies in educational organizations for adult learners and presents a project of deployment of ICT assisted learning for underprivileged groups of adults. The aim was to foster quality of teaching and learning and raise digital literacy. Instructional design for adult learners with poor learning skills, collaboration skills and ICT knowledge was formed, and interoperability within different technological conditions, systems and delivery platforms was built. Information communication educational technologies were implemented in three forms: (1) multimedia learning material on a CD-ROM for personal computers without Internet connection, (2) computer supported learning environment for guided self-directed learning, and (3) computer supported collaborative learning environment.

@inproceedings{starcic2007ictinlll,
   author = {Andreja Isteni\v{c} Star\v{c}i\v{c} and Andrej Brodnik and Matja\v{z}Kljun},
    title = {Information communication educational technologies in lifelong learning of 
             underprivileged groups},
booktitle = {SEPADS'07: Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Software 
             Engineering, Parallel and Distributed Systems},
     year = {2007},
     isbn = {978-960-8457-59-1},
    pages = {140--147},
 location = {Corfu Island, Greece},
publisher = {World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS)},
  address = {Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA},
}
    

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A1  - Kljun, Matjaz
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SP  - 140
EP  - 147
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PB  - World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS)
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ER  - 
    

Matjaž Kljun, Andrej Brodnik, Andreja Istenič Starčič
LMS in the pre-school education program, Proceedings of the 28th ITI
More | Abstract | DOI | Download (PFD) | BibTex | EndNote (RIS) | Cited by 1 (Google link) (as of 10/11)

Author(s): Matjaž Kljun, Andrej Brodnik, Andreja Istenič Starčič
Title: LMS in the pre-school education program
Conference Information: 28th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, JUN 19-22, 2006 Cavtat, Croatia
Source: ITI 2006: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, Pages: 277-282,
Published: 2006

Traditional learning environments are today placed face to face with information and communication technologies (ICT) which gradually ambush visible place in education. For this reason it is important for both students and tutors to be capable to use new methods of supplying and receiving the knowledge. One of possible methods are online learning management systems (LMS) which incorporate principles of social constructionism which is based on the idea that we all better acquire new knowledge within a social process when communicating facts to others and base new knowledge on already known facts. We introduced such online learning environment to a first year students at the Faculty of Education with no previous knowledge or little knowledge of ICT usage. We tried to find out how much time a future preschool teachers need to gain satisfying level of digital literacy and competences for learning and teaching skills with information and educational technology (IET).

@inproceedings{kljun2006lms,
   author = {Matja\v{z} Kljun and Andrej Brodnik and Andreja Isteni\v{c} Star\v{c}i\v{c}},
booktitle = {Information Technology Interfaces, 2006. 28th International Conference on}, 
    title = {LMS in the pre-school education program},
     year = {2006},
    month = {0-0 },
   volume = {},
   number = {},
    pages = {277 -282},
 keywords = {ICT;digital literacy;information-communication technology;
             information-educational technology;online learning management systems;
             pre-school education program;teaching skills;traditional learning 
             environments;computer aided instruction;educational administrative data 
             processing;multiskilling;teaching;},
      doi = {10.1109/ITI.2006.1708492},
     ISSN = {1330-1012},
}
    

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ID  - kljun2006lms
JO  - Information Technology Interfaces, 2006. 28th International Conference on
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SN  - 1330-1012
SP  - 277
EP  - 282
AU  - Kljun, Matjaz
AU  - Brodnik, Andrej
AU  - Starcic, Andreja Istenic
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JA  - Information Technology Interfaces, 2006. 28th International Conference on
DOI  - 10.1109/ITI.2006.1708492
UR  - 10.1109/ITI.2006.1708492
ER  - 
    

Matjaž Kljun, David A. Carr
Piles of thumbnails - Visualizing document management, Proceedings of the 27th ITI
More | Abstract | DOI | Download draft (PDF) | BibTex | EndNote (RIS) | Cited by 3 (Google link) (as of 10/11)

Author(s): Matjaž Kljun, David A. Carr
Title: Piles of thumbnails - Visualizing document management
Conference Information: 27th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, JUN 20-23, 2005 Cavtat, Croatia
Source: ITI 2005: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, Pages: 273-278,
Published: 2005

Digital information is present in everyone's life. Most of the time we spend in front of a computer is in managing (processing, creating, editing, searching, and organizing), digital documents. Current tools for managing digital information are based on concepts developed over 40 years ago. Even with the desktop metaphor and improved visualization, these methods do not support management of large amounts of information. This paper provides an overview of the current state of personal information management and suggests a design based on a ?piles of documents? metaphor that more closely supports the working habits of many users.

@inproceedings{kljun2005piles,
   author = {Matja\v{z} Kljun and David A. Carr},
booktitle = {Information Technology Interfaces, 2005. 27th International Conference on}, 
    title = {Piles of thumbnails - visualizing document management},
     year = {2005},
    month = {June},
   volume = {},
   number = {},
    pages = {273 - 278},
 keywords = {},
      doi = {10.1109/ITI.2005.1491134},
     ISSN = {1330-1012 },
}
    

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A1  - Kljun, Matjaz
A1  - Carr, David A.
SN  - 1330-1012  
SP  - 273
EP  - 278
PY  - 2005
JA  - Information Technology Interfaces, 2005. 27th International Conference on
DOI  - 10.1109/ITI.2005.1491134
UR  - 10.1109/ITI.2005.1491134
ER  
    

Thomas Bladh, David A. Carr, Matjaž Kljun
The effect of animated transitions on user navigation in 3D tree-maps, Proceedings of the 9th IV
More | Abstract | DOI | Download draft (PDF) | BibTex | EndNote (RIS) | Cited by 23 (Google link) (as of 10/11)

Author(s): Thomas Bladh, David A. Carr, Matjaž Kljun
Title: The effect of animated transitions on user navigation in 3D tree-maps
Conference Information: 9th International Conference on Information Visualisation, JUL 06-08, 2005 London, ENGLAND
Source: Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Information Visualization, Pages: 297-305,
Published: 2005

This paper describes a user study conducted to evaluate the use of smooth animated transitions between directories in a three-dimensional, tree-map visualization. We looked specifically at the task of returning to a previously visited directory after either an animated or instantaneous return to the root location. The results of the study show that animation is a double-edged sword. Even though users take more shortcuts, they also make more severe navigational errors. It seems as though the promise of a more direct route to the target directory, which animation provides, somehow precludes users who navigate incorrectly from applying a successful recovery strategy.

@inproceedings{bladh2005animated,
   author = {Thomas Bladh and David A. Carr and Matja\v{z} Kljun},
    title = {The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps},
booktitle = {IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation},
     year = {2005},
     isbn = {0-7695-2397-8},
    pages = {297--305},
      doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IV.2005.122},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   address = {Washington, DC, USA},
}
    

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JO  - Information Visualisation, 2005. Proceedings. Ninth International Conference on
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SP  -  297
EP  -  305
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AU  - Carr, David A.
AU  - Kljun, Matjaz
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KW  - graphical user interfaces
KW  - trees (mathematics)
KW  - 3D tree-maps
KW  - animated transitions
KW  - three-dimensional tree-map visualization
KW  - user navigation
JA  - Information Visualisation, 2005. Proceedings. Ninth International Conference on
DOI  - 10.1109/IV.2005.122
UR  - 10.1109/IV.2005.122
    ER  -