Presonal Information Management resouces - User contributions [en]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2026-04-24T21:43:57Z

Mkljun:

<div style="border:1px solid #d9a0a0; background:#fbe9e9; padding:12px; margin:12px 0;">
'''Historical note:''' This wiki was created in 2009 and was maintained until 2015. It is preserved here for historical reference. Some links to external websites are no longer active. In such cases, the content may still be available through the [https://web.archive.org/ Internet Archive Wayback Machine].
</div>

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, please ask for an account''' by email matjaz.kljun – add @upr.si.

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held approximately every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2013/ 2013, November 1st, from 9:00am to 5:00pm, ASIS&T, Montreal, Canada]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2026-04-24T21:42:16Z

Mkljun:

<div style="border:1px solid #aaa; background:#f9f9f9; padding:12px; margin:12px 0;">
'''Historical note:''' This wiki was originally created in 2011 and is made available here for historical reference. Some links to external websites are no longer active. In such cases, the content may still be available through the [https://web.archive.org/ Internet Archive Wayback Machine].
</div>

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, please ask for an account''' by email matjaz.kljun – add @upr.si.

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held approximately every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2013/ 2013, November 1st, from 9:00am to 5:00pm, ASIS&T, Montreal, Canada]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

PIM media

2026-04-24T21:38:43Z

Mkljun:

==Videos==

In no particular order

====[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA9NT4b6UNA Situating Personal Information Management Practices within an Organization (Manuel Pérez-Quiñones)]====

Google Tech Talk
December 4, 2009

ABSTRACT

Presented by Manuel Pérez-Quiñones.

Personal Information Management (PIM) practices are the behaviors that we follow when we organize our information. This often includes emails, documents, bookmarks, pictures, etc. Research in PIM has identified a common set of activities that require support: encountering information, organizing information, filing/archiving, and reusing information. Different tools must provide different kinds of support for each one of these activities.

PIM practices become easier if the organization provides some infrastructure to alleviate the difficulty of these activities. But a larger value is that the organization can leverage these personal practices to improve the effectiveness of others and to capture that elusive corporate knowledge in an easy way.

In this talk, I will describe previous work in PIM and highlight how some of the PIM practices can be supported and leveraged from the organization point of view.

....

About Perspectivas Speaker Series: Perspectivas is a speaker series aimed to empower and inspire individuals by providing 'mentoring at scale'. Latino scientists and professionals share their perspectives on careers, work-life balance, and how they've achieved personal success.

{{#ev:youtube|eA9NT4b6UNA|300|center}}

====[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5330121659570932167# Structuring Personal Information When Everything Can Be Saved and Searched... (William Jones)]====

Google TechTalks May 17, 2006 William Jones

William Jones is an Research Associate Professor in The Information School at the University of Washington where he manages the Keeping Found Things Found project (funded by the National Science Foundation , http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/index.asp; see also http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/). ABSTRACT Many people are curators, consciously or not, of large and growing collections of personal information. People collect articles, books, magazines, recipes, songs, pictures, etc. They collect still more information with no clear subordinating category other than "stuff". Or, perhaps more accurately, the information itself "collects". People can have gigabytes of storage representing email messages, electronic documents and various other files. They may have large numbers of references that point to information on the Web. And people often still have large amounts of information on paper. This talk will describe exploratory research to understand better how people manage ever larger collections of their personal information, the kinds of problems people encounter as they do so, and the kinds of support people need in order to "manage" better ? to manage not only the information but the various activities for which this information is needed.

{{#ev:googlevideo|-5330121659570932167#|300|center}}
''Note: the original Google Video embed (http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5330121659570932167#) is no longer supported.''

====[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVXZx9U_ySM Deborah Barreau: Interview: Personal Information Management]====

Deborah Barreau, Professor at UNC-SILS, discusses knowledge management and personal information management.

{{#ev:youtube|SVXZx9U_ySM|300|center}}

====[http://vimeo.com/7481887 Mental Workload at Transitions between Multiple Devices in Personal Information Management (Manas Tungare)]====

Knowledge workers increasingly use multiple devices such as desktop computers, laptops, cell phones, and PDAs for personal information management (PIM) tasks. This paper presents the results of a study that examined users' mental workload in this context, especially when transitioning tasks from one device to another. In a preliminary survey of 220 knowledge workers, users reported high frustration with current devices' support for task migration, e.g. accessing files from multiple machines. To investigate further, we conducted a controlled experiment with 18 participants. While they performed PIM tasks, we measured their mental workload using subjective measures and physiological measures. Some systems provide support for transitioning users' work between devices, or for using multiple devices together; we explored the impact of such support on mental workload and task performance. Participants performed three tasks (Files, Calendar, Contacts) with two treatment conditions each (lower and higher support for migrating tasks between devices.)

Workload measures obtained using the subjective NASA TLX scale were able to discriminate between tasks, but not between the two conditions in each task. Task-Evoked Pupillary Response, a continuous measure, was sensitive to changes within each task. For the Files task, a significant increase in workload was noted in the steps before and after task migration. Participants entered events faster into paper calendars than into an electronic calendar, though there was no observable difference in workload. For the Contacts task, time-on-task was equal, but mental workload was higher when no synchronization support was available between their cell phone and their laptop. Little to no correlation was observed between task performance and both workload measures, except in isolated instances. This suggests that neither task performance metrics nor workload assessments alone offer a complete picture of device usability in multi-device personal information ecosystems. Traditional usability metrics that focus on efficiency and effectiveness are necessary, but not sufficient, to evaluate such designs. Given participants' varying subjective perceptions of these systems and differences in task-evoked pupillary response, aspects of hot cognition such as emotion, pleasure, and likability show promise as important parameters in the evaluation of PIM systems.

====[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=un1zdEy_kUA An Interview with Diane Kelly]====

Dr. Diane Kelly, Assistant Professor in SILS discusses her research in information retrieval. Empirical studies of relevance feedback and information seeking are described. Teaching of research methods and the IRB process.

{{#ev:youtube|un1zdEy_kUA|300|center}}

====[http://www.researchchannel.org/prog/displayevent.aspx?fID=569&rID=26837 The World is at My Doorstep...Any My House is a Mess: Putting Our Information In Its Place in a Digital Age (William Jones)]====

Produced by:
Microsoft Research
07/10/2008

Description:
We need to get our own house in order!" "House" stands by metaphor for those things that are of us, near us or owned by us - those things that ought to be under our control. One thing we might hope to get in order is our own information. The world of information out there is mostly beyond our control. But can we manage our own "houses" of information? This is a basic question of personal information management or PIM that drives the ongoing work of the Keeping Found Things Found (KFTF) group at UW. In this talk, I review results of two recent fieldwork studies of the KFTF group. One study involves a "within-participant" comparison of tag-based vs. folder-based models of personal information organization. A second study explores the reasons for the abandonment ("I give up!") of well-intentioned systems of PIM. I will also give a demo of the Personal Project Planner which provides an integrative, document-like overview to the file system (Vista) as a means to explore the notion that effective organization of personal information can emerge as a by-product of project planning.

Speaker(s):
Dr. William Jones, research associate professor, Information School, University of Washington

Runtime:01:13:46

====[http://videolectures.net/icwsm09_wolff_pimrs/ Personal Information Management vs. Resource Sharing: Towards a Model of Information Behavior in Social Tagging Systems (Christian Wolff)]====

Author: Christian Wolff, Institute for Information and Media, Language and Culture, University of Regensburg
published: June 24, 2009, recorded: May 2009

====[http://videolectures.net/iswc08_sauermann_eltu/ Evaluating long-term use of the Gnowsis Semantic Desktop for PIM (Leo Sauermann)]====

Author:Leo Sauermann, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence

published: Nov. 24, 2008, recorded: October 2008

The Semantic Desktop is a means to support users in Personal Information Management (PIM). Using the open source software prototype Gnowsis, we evaluated the approach in a two month case study in 2006 with eight participants. Two participants continued using the prototype and were interviewed after two years in 2008 to show their long-term usage patterns. This allows us to analyse how the system was used for PIM. Contextual interviews gave insights on behaviour, while questionnaires and event logging did not. We discovered that in the personal environment, simple has-Part and is-related relations are sufficient for users to file and re-find information, and that the personal semantic wiki was used creatively to note information.

====[http://videolectures.net/iswc06_sauermann_ge/ In-Use 2: Semantic Desktop 2.0: The Gnowsis Experience (Leo Sauermann)]====

Author:Leo Sauermann, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence
published: Feb. 25, 2007, recorded: November 2006

====[http://videolectures.net/iswc08_hausenblas_bwdwd/ RDFa - Bridging the Web of Documents and the Web of Data (Michael Hausenblas)]====

Author: Michael Hausenblas, DERI Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway
published: Nov. 24, 2008, recorded: October 2008

====[http://videolectures.net/estc09_sauermann_gno/ Gnowsis (Leo Sauermann)]====

Author:Leo Sauermann, Gnowsis
published: Jan. 18, 2010, recorded: December 2009

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2020-12-24T14:13:42Z

Mkljun:

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, please ask for an account''' by email matjaz.kljun – add @upr.si.

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held approximately every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2013/ 2013, November 1st, from 9:00am to 5:00pm, ASIS&T, Montreal, Canada]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

PIM researchers

2020-12-24T14:11:15Z

Mkljun: /* Researchers */

The initial list was made by [[Richard Boardman]] ([http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick Old home page]) and can be accessed [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim.htm#PEOPLE here]. It is very hard to make a reasonable list of PIM researchers as people come and go and many can be unintentionally left out. Please feel free to edit the list appropriately.

==Research Groups==

In no particular order

* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/ Haystack research group, MIT]
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/people.htm Keeping found things found Research group]
* [http://ir.shef.ac.uk/people.html IR research group, University of Sheffield]
* [http://www.parc.com/about/people/?focus_area=96 PARC HCI]
* [http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/research/RG/HCI/HCIlab/index.html HCI & Multimedia lab research group, University of Canterbury, NZ]
* [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/adapt/ Adaptive Systems and Interaction, Microsoft Research]
* [http://grouplab.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/ GroupLab, University of Calgary]
* [http://adrenaline.ucsd.edu/external/index.html Interacive Congnition Lab, UCSD]
* [http://www.cs.vt.edu/research/hci The Center for Human Computer Interaction, VirginiaTech]
* [http://www.infolab21.lancs.ac.uk/research/co-operative_and_interactive_systems.php Co-operative and Interactive Systems, InfoLab21, Lancaster University]
* [http://sils.unc.edu/research/ School of Information and Library Science (SILS), University of North Carolina]
* [http://vimmi.inesc-id.pt/ Visualization and Intelligent Multimodal Interfaces Group, Technical University of Lisbon]

==Researchers==

Here are listed former and present PIM researchers. This list is an updated list taken from Richard Boardman. If you find a mistake, want to add someone who is missing, create a page for a researcher or otherwise help, please email me at matjaz.kljun – add @upr.si.

* [[Brian Amento]] [http://www2.research.att.com/~brian/ home page], AT&T, USA
* [[Olle Balter]] [http://www.nada.kth.se/~balter/ home page], KHT, Sweden & Department of Computer Science, Williams College, USA
* [[Deborah Barreau]] [http://ils.unc.edu/~barreau/newweb/index.html home page] SILS, University of North Carolina, USA
* [[Gordon Bell]] [http://research.microsoft.com/users/GBell/ home page], Microsoft, USA
* [[Victoria Bellotti]] [http://www.parc.com/about/people/13/victoria-bellotti.html home page] PARC, USA
* [[Ofer Bergman]] [http://ir.shef.ac.uk/people/ofer.htm home page], Sheffield University, UK
* [[Michael Bernstein]] [http://people.csail.mit.edu/msbernst/ home page], MIT CSAIL, USA
* [[Richard Boardman]] [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ home page], Imperial College London, UK
* [[Olha Bondarenko]] Human-Technology Interaction, Dept. of Technology Management, Eindhoven University of Technology, NL
* [[Harry Bruce]] [http://faculty.washington.edu/harryb/ home page], Information School, University of Washington, USA
* [[Jay Budzik]] [http://dent.infolab.nwu.edu/infolab/people/personal.asp?ID=24 home page], Northwestern University, USA
* [[Robert Capra]] [http://www.ils.unc.edu/~rcapra/ home page] SILS, University of North Carolina
* [[David Carr]] University of Lulea, Sweden
* [[Andy Cockburn]] [http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~andy home page], University of Canterbury, NZ
* [[Ed Cutrell]] [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/cutrell/ home page], Microsoft, USA
* [[Mary Czerwinski]] [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/marycz/ home page], Microsoft, USA
* [[Alan Dix]] [http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~dixa/ home page] Lancaster University, UK
* [[Paul Dourish]] [http://www.dourish.com/ home page], UC-Irvine, USA
* [[Susan Dumais]] [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/sdumais/ home page] Microsoft, USA & Information School, University of Washington, USA
* [[David Gelernter]] [http://www.cs.yale.edu/people/gelernter.html home page], Yale University (and Scopeware), USA
* [[Daniel Goncalves]] [https://fenix.ist.utl.pt/homepage/ist13898?locale=en_EN home page], Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
* [[Saul Greenberg]] [http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~saul/ home page], University of Calgary, Canada
* [[Jacek Gwizdka]] [http://www.gwizdka.com/ home page], University of Toronto, Canada
* [[Sarah Henderson]] [http://staff.business.auckland.ac.nz/s.henderson home page], University of Auckland, NZ
* [[David Huynh]] [http://davidhuynh.net home page], MIT, USA
* [[Ellen Isaacs]] [http://www.izix.com/ home page], PARC, USA
* [[William Jones]] [http://faculty.washington.edu/williamj/ home page], Information School, University of Washington, USA
* [[Joaquim Jorge]] [http://web.ist.utl.pt/jorgej/ home page], Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
* [[Azrina Kamaruddin]] [http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~kamarudd/Azrina/Azrina.htm home page], Lancaster University, UK
* [[Victor Kaptelinin]] [http://www8.informatik.umu.se/~vklinin/ home page], Umea University, Sweden
* [[David Karger]] [http://people.csail.mit.edu/karger/ home page], MIT, USA
* [[Diane Kelly]] [http://www.ils.unc.edu/~dianek/ home page] SILS, University of North Carolina, USA
* [[David Kirsh]] [http://adrenaline.ucsd.edu/kirsh/ home page], UCSD, USA
* [[Max Van Kleek]] [http://robostar.csail.mit.edu/emax/ home page], MIT, USA
* [[Matjaž Kljun]] [http://pim.famnit.upr.si home page home page], Lancaster University, UK & FAMNIT, UPR, Slovenia
* [[Barbara Kwasnik]] [http://ischool.syr.edu/facstaff/member.aspx?id=53 home page], Syracuse University, USA
* [[Mark Lansdale]] [http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/psychology/ppl/ml195 home page], University of Leicester, UK
* [[Bonnie Nardi]] [http://www.darrouzet-nardi.net/bonnie/ home page], University of California, Irvine, USA
* [[Thomas Malone]] [http://cci.mit.edu/malone/index.html home page], MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, USA
* [[Manuel Pérez-Quiñones]] [http://perez.cs.vt.edu/ home page], The Center for Human Computer Interaction, VirginiaTech, USA
* [[Dennis Quan]] [http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/dquan/ home page], MIT, USA
* [[George Robertson]] [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/ggr/ home page], Microsoft, USA
* [[Kerry Rodden]] [http://www.rodden.org/kerry/publications.html home page], Google, USA (former UNiversity of Cambridge, Microsoft, UK)
* [[Abigail Sellen]] [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/asellen/ home page], Microsoft research Cambridge, UK
* [[mc schraefel]] [http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mc/ home page], University of Southampton, UK
* [[Jaime Teevan]] [http://people.csail.mit.edu/teevan/ home page], MIT, USA
* [[Manas Tungare]] [http://manas.tungare.name/ home page], The Center for Human Computer Interaction, VirginiaTech, USA
* [[Gina Venolia]] [http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/ginav/ home page], Microsoft, USA
* [[Steve Whittaker]] [http://dis.shef.ac.uk/stevewhittaker/ home page], IR Group, University of Sheffield, UK (now at IBM Research @ Almaden)

PIM tools

2020-12-24T14:07:58Z

Mkljun: /* PIM research prototypes */

PIM application or tool is any tool that help us manage information. In a real world this are desk (if we have e.g. organized piles) file cabinets, paper clips, staples, etc. In the digital world these are applications that let and help us manage information. Examples are file manager, email client, web bookmark manager, calendar, address book, RSS client, voicemail, photo manager, video manager, to-dos, etc.

Some of such applications allow also other activities like viewing, creating, editing information. A web browser's primary function is to browse the web, but it usually has bookmark manager integrated. A web browser is also used to host web applications that let us manage information (like web email client, web calendar, social media). Email client is used to manage information but also for creating new and viewing existing information. An instant messaging (IM) client is used to have conversations with other people but the part that logs conversations and lets us manage them is a PIM.

==PIM research prototypes==

Below is a list of Personal Information Management (PIM) prototypes that have tried to answer/solve one or more problems we as users face everyday with managing our personal information.

In the frame on the right is a list of tags. Selecting a checkbox by a particular tag highlights prototypes that correspond to a selected tag. More than one tag can be selected resulting in OR highlighting. Tags were chosen subjectively by the author.

''[http://pim.famnit.upr.si/pim/pimtools.html Stand alone version of the below list]''

<iframe key="pimtools" path="pim" />

A list has over 80 prototypes listed and is growing (if anyone sends me the paper of their prototype). Although the present list is not short, there are other tools which probably deserve to be listed here. Please [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html let us know of any missing research PIM prototype] (even if it is of commercial nature now). You can also add it at the bottom of this section in a WIKI (look at the example). We would appreciate every suggestion and critique about the list, tags and mistakes we made putting the list together.

Mainstream PIM applications like Google desktop search, Bento, MS Outlook, etc. or any other smaller scale application are not listed.

Other missing prototypes (any added prototype will be included on a list above):

* Name of the prototype, http://paper.url, tags:

==List of commercial/freeware/.../opensource PIM applications==

'''Original article can be found [[List of PIM applications|here]].'''

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|thumb|Figure: Cam tree]]

''See main article [[Visualizing large hierarchies]]''

Besides lines and nodes (like file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and intended outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on hierarchies but most are also suitable to manage information. Most of them focus on one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

<br /><br /><br /><br />
<br /><br />

==Other sources and lists==

There are several lists of PIM applications on the web:

* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim.htm#SYSTEMS Richard Boardman's list of PIM protoypes and commercial/open source/virtual systems] [[Research in PIM (Richard Boardman)|COPY on this WIKI]]
* [http://www.ms.lt/ms/projects/toolkinds/organize.html Tools for Organizing Thoughts] has quite a few PIM applications listed [[Tools for organizing thoughts (Andrius Kulikauskas)|COPY on this WIKI]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers Wikipedia's list of Personal Information Managers]
* [http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=personal+information+managers DMOZ PIM listings]
* [http://code.google.com/p/kognite/wiki/DocumentManagementSoftware A list of Document Management Applications] [[A list of Document Management Applications (serkancabi)|COPY on this WIKI]]

There is also a (rather old) book on available PIM software from 1996:

* [http://www.amazon.com/Personal-Information-Management-Professional-Effectiveness/dp/0814721990" Etzel and Thomas, 1996, Personal information management: tools and techniques for achieving professional effectiveness]

==Notes==
<references />

PIM tools

2020-12-24T14:05:54Z

Mkljun: /* PIM research prototypes */

PIM application or tool is any tool that help us manage information. In a real world this are desk (if we have e.g. organized piles) file cabinets, paper clips, staples, etc. In the digital world these are applications that let and help us manage information. Examples are file manager, email client, web bookmark manager, calendar, address book, RSS client, voicemail, photo manager, video manager, to-dos, etc.

Some of such applications allow also other activities like viewing, creating, editing information. A web browser's primary function is to browse the web, but it usually has bookmark manager integrated. A web browser is also used to host web applications that let us manage information (like web email client, web calendar, social media). Email client is used to manage information but also for creating new and viewing existing information. An instant messaging (IM) client is used to have conversations with other people but the part that logs conversations and lets us manage them is a PIM.

==PIM research prototypes==

Below is a list of Personal Information Management (PIM) prototypes that have tried to answer/solve one or more problems we as users face everyday with managing our personal information.

In the frame on the right is a list of tags. Selecting a checkbox by a particular tag highlights prototypes that correspond to selected tag. More than one tag can be selected resulting in OR highlighting. Tags were chosen subjectively by the author.

''[http://pim.famnit.upr.si/pim/pimtools.html Stand alone version of the below list]''

<iframe key="pimtools" path="pim" />

A list has over 80 prototypes listed and is growing. Although the present list is not short, there are other tools which probably deserve to be listed here. Please [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html let us know of any missing research PIM prototype] (even if it is of commercial nature now). You can also add it at the bottom of this section in a WIKI (look at the example). We would appreciate every suggestion and critique about the list, tags and mistakes we made putting the list together.

Mainstream PIM applications like Google desktop search, Bento, MS Outlook, etc. or any other smaller scale application are not listed.

Other missing prototypes (any added prototype will be included on a list above):

* Name of the prototype, http://paper.url, tags:

==List of commercial/freeware/.../opensource PIM applications==

'''Original article can be found [[List of PIM applications|here]].'''

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|thumb|Figure: Cam tree]]

''See main article [[Visualizing large hierarchies]]''

Besides lines and nodes (like file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and intended outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on hierarchies but most are also suitable to manage information. Most of them focus on one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

<br /><br /><br /><br />
<br /><br />

==Other sources and lists==

There are several lists of PIM applications on the web:

* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim.htm#SYSTEMS Richard Boardman's list of PIM protoypes and commercial/open source/virtual systems] [[Research in PIM (Richard Boardman)|COPY on this WIKI]]
* [http://www.ms.lt/ms/projects/toolkinds/organize.html Tools for Organizing Thoughts] has quite a few PIM applications listed [[Tools for organizing thoughts (Andrius Kulikauskas)|COPY on this WIKI]]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers Wikipedia's list of Personal Information Managers]
* [http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=personal+information+managers DMOZ PIM listings]
* [http://code.google.com/p/kognite/wiki/DocumentManagementSoftware A list of Document Management Applications] [[A list of Document Management Applications (serkancabi)|COPY on this WIKI]]

There is also a (rather old) book on available PIM software from 1996:

* [http://www.amazon.com/Personal-Information-Management-Professional-Effectiveness/dp/0814721990" Etzel and Thomas, 1996, Personal information management: tools and techniques for achieving professional effectiveness]

==Notes==
<references />

Research in PIM (Richard Boardman)

2014-02-27T11:07:22Z

Mkljun: /* Who's working on Personal Information Management? */

==Who's working on Personal Information Management?==

''This is a copy from 6/8/2010. Original page can be found at this address http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim.htm''

'''Authored by [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick '''Richard Boardman'''], Imperial College London (July 2003)''':

* This page is an ongoing attempt to survey current efforts directed at understanding and improving interfaces for '''Personal Information Management''' (PIM for short), defined as: ''the collecting and handling of information (such as files, email and contacts) by an individual, for that individual's own use.''
* '''[http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/I-M/is/people/stafpage/whittake/envelope-5-15-00-FINAL.pdf Whittaker, Terveen and Nardi (2000)]''' note the lack of systematic research within '''[http://www.acm.org/sigchi/cdg/cdg2.html HCI (Human-Computer Interaction)]''' directed at core everyday computing tasks. HCI conferences continue to be dominated by radical technological invention in areas such as virtual reality and ubiquitous computing. Because of this emphasis HCI is not paying enough attention to the problems encountered in ''"the tasks carried out by millions of users multiple times a day" (Whittaker et al. 2000)''. And whats more: there is mounting evidence (both scientific and anecdotal) of the problems encountered by users in these everyday tasks - tasks such as PIM.
* Despite the relative lack of published research on PIM, there are a number of ongoing efforts aimed at understanding user needs, and improving interface support for this fundamental everyday computing activity. This page is an attempt to survey it.
* The page is divided into two sections: (1) [#PEOPLE '''researchers/developers/groups'''] and, (2) [#SYSTEMS '''systems/prototypes''']. The focus is mainly on research being carried out in the field of HCI. However I've also included researchers from other academic fields, and also commercial companies/open-source developers. The emphasis is on people/companies doing ''active'' research/development.
* I hope its useful! Watch this space for future additions! If you have any suggestions of people to add, [mailto:rick @ic.ac.uk '''please let me know'''].
* For a list of publications relating to PIM (and links to other online bibliographies) see [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim-biog.htm '''my updated bibliography''']

===List of Researchers/Developers/Groups working on PIM===

* [http://www.research.att.com/~brian/pubs.html Brian '''Amento'''], AT&T, USA
* [http://www.tau.ac.il/~oferb Ofer '''Bergman'''], Tel Aviv University, Israel
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard '''Boardman'''], Imperial College London, UK
* [http://dent.infolab.nwu.edu/infolab/people/personal.asp?ID=24 Jay '''Budzik'''], Northwestern University, USA
* [http://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/~andy Andy '''Cockburn'''], University of Canterbury, NZ
* [http://www.ics.uci.edu/~jpd/ Paul '''Dourish'''], UC-Irvine, USA
* [http://www.cs.yale.edu/people/faculty/gelernter.html David '''Gelernter'''], Yale University (and Scopeware), USA
* [http://www.gia.ist.utl.pt/~djvg/ Daniel '''Goncalves'''], Instituto Superior T�cnico, Lisbon, Portugal
* [http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~saul/ Saul '''Greenberg'''], University of Calgary, Canada
* [http://www.gwizdka.com/ Jacek '''Gwizdka'''], University of Toronto, Canada
* Sarah [http://staff.business.auckland.ac.nz/s.henderson '''Henderson'''], University of Auckland, NZ
* [http://haystack.lcs.mit.edu '''Haystack''']
** [http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/dfhuynh/ David '''Huynh'''], MIT, USA
** [http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/dquan/ Dennis '''Quan'''], MIT, USA
** [http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/teevan/work/ Jaime '''Teevan'''], MIT, USA
* [http://www.izix.com/ Ellen '''Isaacs'''], USA
* [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kaptelinin:Victor.html Victor '''Kaptelinin'''], Umea University, Sweden
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/ '''KFTF (keeping Found Things Found)'''], University of Washington, USA
** [http://www.ischool.washington.edu/harryb/ Harry '''Bruce''']
** [http://research.microsoft.com/~sdumais/ Susan '''Dumais'''] (also Microsoft, USA)
** [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/jonesBio.asp William '''Jones''']
* [http://adrenaline.ucsd.edu/kirsh/ David '''Kirsh'''], UCSD, USA
* [http://www-staff.lboro.ac.uk/~humwl/ Mark '''Lansdale'''], Loughborough University, UK
* '''Microsoft'''
** [http://research.microsoft.com/users/GBell/ Gordon '''Bell'''], Microsoft, USA
** [http://research.microsoft.com/~cutrell/ Ed '''Cutrell'''], Microsoft, USA
** [http://research.microsoft.com/users/marycz/home.htm Mary '''Czerwinski'''], Microsoft, USA
** [http://www.activatedesign.co.nz/MyLifeBits '''MyLifeBits Project'''], Microsoft, USA
** [http://research.microsoft.com/~ggr/ George '''Robertson'''], Microsoft, USA
** [http://www.rodden.org/kerry/publications.html Kerry '''Rodden'''], Microsoft, UK
** [http://research.microsoft.com/scg '''Social Computing Group'''], Microsoft, USA
** [http://research.microsoft.com/~ginav Gina '''Venolia'''], Microsoft, USA
* [http://www.darrouzet-nardi.net/bonnie/ Bonnie '''Nardi'''], USA
* '''[http://www.osafoundation.org Open Source Applications Foundation]'''
** [http://conferences.oreillynet.com/cs/et2003/view/e_spkr/415 Andy '''Hertzfeld'''], Open Source Applications Foundation, USA (previously Eazel)
** [http://blogs.osafoundation.org/mitch/ Mitch '''Kapor'''], Open Source Applications Foundation, USA
* '''PARC'''
** [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/b/Bellotti:Victoria.html Victoria '''Bellotti'''], PARC, USA
** [http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~nicolas/ Nicholas '''Duchaneaut'''], (also SIMS, Berkeley)
** Ian '''Smith''', PARC, USA
* [http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~repeters/ Rodney '''Peters'''], Georgia Tech, USA
* [http://humane.sourceforge.net/home/ Jef '''Raskin'''], USA
* [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sellen:Abigail.html Abigail '''Sellen'''], Hewlett-Packard, UK
* [http://www.cs.umn.edu/faculty/terveen.html Loren '''Terveen'''], University of Minnesota, USA
* '''[http://bourbon.usc.edu/iml/recall/ Total Recall]''', University of Southern California, USA
* [http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/I-M/is/people/stafpage/whittake/index.html Steve '''Whittaker'''], Sheffield University, UK
* [http://www.usfca.edu/~wolberd/ David '''Wolber'''], SFU, USA
* [http://www.biu.ac.il/RA/www/rserch/eric/ Eric '''Zimmerman'''], Bar-Ilan University, Israel

===List of Classic/Research/Open-source/Commercial Systems===

* '''"Classics"'''
** [http://home.neo.rr.com/pim/alinks.htm '''Agenda'''], Lotus
** [http://www.osnews.com/story.php?news_id=421&page=13 '''BeOS'''], Be Inc.
** [http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm '''The Memex'''], Vannevar Bush
* '''Research Systems'''
** [http://www.izix.com/pro/lightweight/contactmap.php '''ContactMap''']
** [http://haystack.lcs.mit.edu/publications.html '''HayStack'''], MIT
** [http://research.microsoft.com/research/barc/MediaPresence/MyLifeBits.aspx '''MyLifeBits'''], Microsoft
** [http://web.usfca.edu/~wolberd/WolbersPubs.htm '''Personal Web'''], SFU
** [http://research.microsoft.com/~sdumais/ '''Stuff I've Seen/Landmarks'''], Microsoft
** [http://www.parc.xerox.com/csl/projects/harland '''Presto/Harland'''], PARC
** [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/b/Bellotti:Victoria.html '''TaskMaster'''], PARC
** [http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/k/Kaptelinin:Victor.html '''UMEA'''], Umea University
** [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/VKB/ '''Visual Knowledge Builder'''], Texas A&M University
** [./research/pubs/struggle-hcii2003.pdf '''WorkspaceMirror'''], Imperial College London
* '''Standards/Open-source/Free/Shareware PIM Systems'''
** [http://www.osafoundation.org/Chandler_Compelling_Vision.htm '''Chandler'''], Open Source Applications Foundation
** [http://www.nat.org/dashboard/ '''Dashboard'''],
** [http://www.gnome.org/gnome-office/gnome-pim.shtml '''GNOME PIM'''],
** [http://www.ideagraph.net '''IdeaGraph'''],
** [http://pim.kde.org/ '''KDE PIM'''],
** [http://www.mozilla.org '''Mozilla'''], The Mozilla Organization (NB: many variants)
** [http://m-arriaga.net/software/newdocms/ '''newdocms''']
** [http://segusoland.sourceforge.net/ '''segusoLand ''']
** [http://www.syncml.com '''SyncML''']
** [http://humane.sourceforge.net/home/ '''THE (The Humane Environment)'''], Jef Raskin and co.
** [http://neomason.com/wm.cst '''Wintermute''']
** Bookmark managers: [http://www.bookkey.com/index.htm '''BookKey'''], [http://www.softgauge.com/compass/index.htm '''Compass''']
* '''Commercial Systems'''
** [http://www.enfish.com/ '''Enfish Onespace'''], Enfish Corp.
** [http://cooperatingsystems.com/helloworld/screenshots/index.html '''HelloWorld'''], Cooperating Systems, Inc
** [http://www.ximian.com/products/evolution/features.html#pim '''Evolution'''], Ximian Inc., USA
** [http://www.microsoft.com/mac/entouragex/default.asp?navindex=s4 '''Entourage'''], [http://www.apple.com/macosx/technologies/ '''iApps'''], MacOS, ..., Apple Inc.
** [http://www.miclog.com/isover.htm '''InfoSelect'''], Micro Logic Corp.
** '''Mobile/PDA devices'''
*** [http://www.blackberry.net/index.shtml '''Blackberry'''], Research In Motion Limited
*** [http://www.nokia.com/nokia/0,5184,4400,00.html '''Nokia'''], Finland
*** [http://www.palm.com '''Palm'''], Palm Inc, USA
*** [http://www.symbian.com '''Symbian'''], Symbian Ltd, UK
** [http://www.opera.com/ '''Opera'''], Opera Software ASA
** [http://www.microsoft.com/office/outlook/default.asp '''Outlook'''], Windows, ..., Microsoft
** [http://wwws.sun.com/software/looking_glass/ '''Project Looking Glass'''], Sun
** [http://www.scopeware.com '''Scopeware'''], Scopeware Inc. (commercial version of LifeStreams)
** [http://www2.creo.com/sixdegrees/ '''SixDegrees'''], Creo Inc.
** [http://www.usercreations.com/spring/ '''Spring'''], UserCreations LLC
** [http://www.syncit.com/ '''BookmarkSync'''], SyncIT
** [http://www.thebrain.com/Default.htm '''The Brain'''], TheBrain Technologies Corp.
** [http://www.eastgate.com/Tinderbox/ '''Tinderbox'''], EastGate Systems Inc.
** [http://www.treepad.com/ '''Treepad''']
** [http://www.yahoo.com '''Yahoo Web-based PIM Applications'''], Yahoo! Inc (many many other web-based PIM applications, too many to mention - but see [http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Shopping_and_Services/Communication_and_Information_Management/Internet_and_World_Wide_Web/Personal_Information_Management/ here]!)
** [http://www.yellowpen.com/ '''YelloPen '''], YelloPen Inc.
** [http://www.zootsoftware.com/ '''Zoot'''], Zoot Software
** And there's many many more ... see [http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Shopping_and_Services/Communication_and_Information_Management/Internet_and_World_Wide_Web/Personal_Information_Management/ Yahoo's PIM software page][http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim.htm#TOP Back to Top of page]

<div><font size="2" face="arial">'' Updated July 2003 by [mailto:rick @ic.ac.uk Richard Boardman] ''</font></div>

PIM frameworks

2014-01-05T10:40:59Z

Mkljun: /* Yukon Li, David Elsweiler and Xiaofeng Meng */

==Deborah Barreau==

To understand how PIM is performed, [[Deborah Barreau]] tried to dismember it and so divided it in 5 sub- activities:<ref name="barreau">Deborah Barreau, Context as a factor in personal information management systems, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 5/46, 1995</ref>

* Acquisition: deciding which information will be included in information space, defining, la- belling and grouping information.
* Organization and Storage: classifying, naming, grouping and placing information for later retrieval.
* Maintenance: updating out-of-date information, backing up information, moving or deleting information from information space.
* Retrieval: process of finding information for reuse and • Output: visualizing the information space based on users’ needs and objectives.

Barreau's framework threats a PIM system as a monolithic system centered on a file hierarchy.

==Richard Boardman==

[[File:boardman-pim.png|thumb|Figure 1: PIM activities and activities outside PIM by Richard Boardman]]

Barreau's classification of PIM activities was a basis for [[Richard Boardman|Richard Boardman’s]] classification. Boardman argued that updating information content cannot be a part of PIM, as it deals with content of information items. He also argued that visualizing is done by computers (not users) and that visualization is present in all sub-activities.<ref name="boardman">Richard Boardman, 2004, Improving Tool Support for Personal Information Management, Doctoral dissertation, Imperial College, London</ref> He describes four PIM sub-activities as:

* Acquisition: naming and/or (deciding of a) placement in information space.
* Organization: placing information items, renaming, moving and creating new folders.
* Maintenance: backing up and deleting information from information space.
* Retrieval: browsing, sorting and searching for information.

This framework focuses on a computer as a set of several PIM systems (software applications) that allow a user to manage a [[PIM_definitions#Personal_Information_Collection|collection of personal information]] in a particular technological format

==Pamela Ravasio et. al.==

Ravasio et. al. exposed organization as the main aim of PIM <ref name="ravasio">Pamela Ravasio, Sissel Guttormsen Schr and Helmut Krueger. In pursuit of desktop evolution: User problems and practices with modern desktop systems. ACM Trans. Comp.-Hum. Inter. 11(2):156-180, 2004</ref>. Based on Lansdale's paper <ref name="lansdale">Mark Lansdale. 1988. The psychology of personal information management. Applied ergonomics, 19(1:55-66.</ref> they proposed four underlying tasks that users accomplish during organization:

* information handling
* categorization
* filing and
* retrieval

where ''categorization and filing'' are ''information classification'' and ''retrieval'' is ''information searching''

==William Jones and James Teevan==

[[File:Jones-pim.png|thumb|right|Figure 2: PIM activities viewed as an effort to establish, use, and maintain a mapping between needs and information]]

[[William Jones|Jones]] and [[Jaime Teevan|Teevan]] devided all PIM activities in three main groups that support our needs in correlation to information:

* '''Keeping activities''': decisions focused on a single information item about the future needs and future availability.
* '''(Re)finding activities''': driven by our needs for information in PSI.
* '''Meta-level activities''': maintenance (composition and preservation) and organization (selection and implementation of a scheme) of the PIC within PSI, managing privacy, evaluating PSI, making sense of information and information distribution.

The first group of activities is focused on the flow from information to our needs and the second group on the flow from our needs to information. All other activities support both flows as can be seen in Figure 2.<ref name="jonesteevan">William Jones and James Teevan, editors. Personal Information Management. University of Washington Press, 2007</ref>

This framework is more general as [[Richard Boardman|Boardman's]] and [[Deborah Barreau|Barreau's]] and include the whole users' [[PIM_definitions#Personal_Space_of_Information|personal information space]]

Authors also explain these activities in more detailes:

'''Information seeking''': activities directed towards accessing information to satisfy our need or goals. Consider writing a paper: we have to find relevant papers of the subject and all activities involved in searching and finding these paper fall in this category.

'''Information keeping''': decisions and actions about an information item currently in consideration that affect later retrieval. This simply means that we have to decide either to discard information or to keep in and how to keep it. Consider the above example of papers: we visit many web pages with papers and for each one we decide to leave it (discard it because it is not relevant or we think we will easily find it in the future), but some web pages are of great interest (for a paper) and we save them as web bookmarks, print them, save them in a special reference format (e.g. bibtex) ... These activities happen very often and focus is on one information item.

'''Refinding information''': the process of finding information that has been seen before.

'''Information organizing''': decisions and actions about information schema for a collection of information items. This means that we have to decide how to organize a personal information collection to make sense to us. Consider writing a paper: we have to organize references, have to decide on a format (e.g. Bibtex), decide on a software (e.g. BibDesk), decide how to name references (e.g. author's last name, year and first word of a title: jones2008personal, structure, tag, annotate ... These activities happen sporadically and their focus is on collection.

'''Information Maintaining''': decisions and actions about composition and preservation of personal information collection. Consider references from example above: we have to decide which new items are going in a collection, which have leave it, how to back up the collection ... These activities preserve the state and nature of a collection to serve us. Focus is again on a collection.

==Matjaž Kljun==

[[File:Kljun-pim.png|thumb|Figure 3: PIM activities and activities outside PIM by Richard Boardman]]

''Main article can be found '''[[PIM Framework - Matjaž Kljun|here]]'''''

This framework is based on [[Richard Boardman|Bordman's]] and it includes four PIM sub-activities: '''acquiring''', '''organizing''', '''maintaining''' and '''retrieving'''. But it does not impose strict borders between PIM activities; rather '''it presumes that PIM activities overlap''' (not only happen interchangeably) as can be seen in Figure 3. <ref name="kljun">Matjaž Kljun, Alan Dix and Franc Solina. A Study of a Crosstool Information Usage on Personal Computers: how users mentally link information relating to a task but residing in different applications and how importance and type of acquisition affect this. 2009 [http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/33816/1/kljun-crosstool_information_usage_2009.pdf PDF]</ref>

Its starting point is on '''different acquisition types which influences all other activities'''. It tries to frame for example such issues: an email that is automatically acquired and placed in our inbox which is for example our personal information collection; is deleting this email a keeping activity as we process new email messages and decide which we will keep or discard; or is deleting maintaining as we decide which information stays in the collection.

'''Acquisition'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Acquisition can happen in three different ways: '''created''', '''received''' and '''found''' as can be seen in Figure 3. And each of these three sources can be acquired in several of these modes:

* Manually acquired information (created file, manually saved internet documents).
* Semi-automatically acquired information (emails we write that are saved automatically in sent folder, downloaded internet documents to a predefined folder) and
* Automatically acquired information (received emails, RSS feeds).

We have a total control over manually acquired information which can be (re)named and/or placed in information environment based on our decisions at the time we decide. On the other hand, automatically acquired information piles up in a predefined place while we do not have a control over its acquisition. While semi-automatically acquired information still needs our action to be acquired but some actions (like naming and placing, time of acquisition) can be done without our intervention (e.g automatically by an application).
|}

'''Organization'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Users change organizational structure (even if only a small part) also during other activities and that many such small changes incrementally (while thinking and rethinking about small portions of the existing schema) change structure and organization of PICs and PSI. As such information organization overlaps with all other activities as can be seen in Figure 3.
|}

'''Maintenance'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Maintenance is performed to support future (maybe unknown) needs and tasks. Maintaining means to manage the organizational schema in such a way that information related to past tasks, for which it is assessed that it will not be needed any more, is moved out of the way and the organizational schema is organized in a way to support future tasks while it still has to support ongoing tasks.
|}

Consider two tasks:
* Lets get this desk organized as a sporadic activity in comparison to
* Daily organizing email inbox (moving, filing or deleting items).
Both tasks include organizing. But first one is about moving piles of papers from a desk to make place for new ones and to support other future PIM activities (in the long run). While the second task is more about supporting present PIM activities (not get overflown with email on a daily bases). Certainly it also supports future PIM but is more focused in the present.

== Steve Whittaker ==

[[File:Kljun-pim.png|thumb|Figure 4: PIM activities compared]]

Whittaker uses a variant of Jones' PIM lifecycle framework. A framework for the curation lifecycle, which describes the processes by which we Keep, Manage and Access information, elaborating the relationships between these processes.<ref name="whittaker">Steve Whittaker, Personal information management: from information consumption to curation, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 2011, Volume 45, Pages 3--62</ref>

Keeping - Management - Exploitation

However, he claims that Jones and Teevan (2007)'s main focus is on finding and refinding of public data such as that found on the web, e.g. if people want to repeatedly access a valued web resource. In contrast, in this review we are more concerned with information that people create themselves or that they receive in email. Where we focus on web data it is in the context of users' efforts to integrate such information into their personal information systems. Our more strict definition of personal information means we begin our model with keeping. Keeping is a prerequisite for later stages: people cannot manage or exploit information that they have not kept.

== Christina M. Finneran: the ''keeping information'' framework ==

[[File:Finneran-pim.png|thumb|Figure 5: Keeping activities framework]]

This framework (Figure 4) has incorporated key concepts from the hoarding literature.<ref name="finneran">Christina M. Finneran, Factors that influence users to leave, acquire, and retain information items: A case study of college students' Personal Information Management, Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008</ref> It is the refinement of the "keeping" concept. [[PIM_frameworks#William_Jones_and_James_Teevan|Keeping activities]] (as defined by Jones) are broken down into the:

* acquisition,
* discarding or compiling, and
* retention of information items.

Potential influences on keeping behavior from hoarding literature:

* hyper-sentiments about possessions
** emotional attachment to possessions
** memory
** control over possessions
** responsibility for possessions
* information processing deficits (attention, categorization, memory, and use of information to draw conclusions and make decisions)
* emotional distress and avoidance behavior, indecision (what to save, what to discard, and where to retain it)

Further reading on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding hoarding] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_hoarding compulsive hoarding] on Wikipedia.

== Yukon Li, David Elsweiler and Xiaofeng Meng ==

In regard to a TASK, these scholars define another term Personal Data Dtem (PDI). PDI is a the basic building block for a tasks. PDI is defined as an item which has been cre-ated, accessed or modified by a person and is the result of user interaction <ref name="li">Yukon Li, David Elsweiler and Xiaofeng Meng: Towards Task-Organized Desktop Collection. Workshop of the 33rd ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development of Information Retrieval. 2010</ref>. According to this definition, a file, an email or a folder can all be regarded as PDIs. What the definition also makes explicit is that PDIs only refer to items that the user has interacted with and that have not automatically been generated by software.

==Notes==
<references />

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2013-09-16T14:01:28Z

Mkljun: /* PIM workshops */

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, I enabled simple captchas''' that have to be answered for anonymous edits and new user registration.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held approximately every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2013/ 2013, November 1st, from 9:00am to 5:00pm, ASIS&T, Montreal, Canada]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2013-09-16T14:00:48Z

Mkljun: /* PIM workshops */

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, I enabled simple captchas''' that have to be answered for anonymous edits and new user registration.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2013/ 2013, November 1st, from 9:00am to 5:00pm, ASIS&T, Montreal, Canada]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2013-05-14T09:35:07Z

Mkljun: /* PIM workshops */

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, I enabled simple captchas''' that have to be answered for anonymous edits and new user registration.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2013-05-14T09:34:45Z

Mkljun:

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, I enabled simple captchas''' that have to be answered for anonymous edits and new user registration.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
** [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/cfp Call for participants]
** [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/important-dates Important dates]: submission deadline 25th of November 2012
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

PIM frameworks

2012-09-20T14:39:19Z

Mkljun:

==Deborah Barreau==

To understand how PIM is performed, [[Deborah Barreau]] tried to dismember it and so divided it in 5 sub- activities:<ref name="barreau">Deborah Barreau, Context as a factor in personal information management systems, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 5/46, 1995</ref>

* Acquisition: deciding which information will be included in information space, defining, la- belling and grouping information.
* Organization and Storage: classifying, naming, grouping and placing information for later retrieval.
* Maintenance: updating out-of-date information, backing up information, moving or deleting information from information space.
* Retrieval: process of finding information for reuse and • Output: visualizing the information space based on users’ needs and objectives.

Barreau's framework threats a PIM system as a monolithic system centered on a file hierarchy.

==Richard Boardman==

[[File:boardman-pim.png|thumb|Figure 1: PIM activities and activities outside PIM by Richard Boardman]]

Barreau's classification of PIM activities was a basis for [[Richard Boardman|Richard Boardman’s]] classification. Boardman argued that updating information content cannot be a part of PIM, as it deals with content of information items. He also argued that visualizing is done by computers (not users) and that visualization is present in all sub-activities.<ref name="boardman">Richard Boardman, 2004, Improving Tool Support for Personal Information Management, Doctoral dissertation, Imperial College, London</ref> He describes four PIM sub-activities as:

* Acquisition: naming and/or (deciding of a) placement in information space.
* Organization: placing information items, renaming, moving and creating new folders.
* Maintenance: backing up and deleting information from information space.
* Retrieval: browsing, sorting and searching for information.

This framework focuses on a computer as a set of several PIM systems (software applications) that allow a user to manage a [[PIM_definitions#Personal_Information_Collection|collection of personal information]] in a particular technological format

==Pamela Ravasio et. al.==

Ravasio et. al. exposed organization as the main aim of PIM <ref name="ravasio">Pamela Ravasio, Sissel Guttormsen Schr and Helmut Krueger. In pursuit of desktop evolution: User problems and practices with modern desktop systems. ACM Trans. Comp.-Hum. Inter. 11(2):156-180, 2004</ref>. Based on Lansdale's paper <ref name="lansdale">Mark Lansdale. 1988. The psychology of personal information management. Applied ergonomics, 19(1:55-66.</ref> they proposed four underlying tasks that users accomplish during organization:

* information handling
* categorization
* filing and
* retrieval

where ''categorization and filing'' are ''information classification'' and ''retrieval'' is ''information searching''

==William Jones and James Teevan==

[[File:Jones-pim.png|thumb|right|Figure 2: PIM activities viewed as an effort to establish, use, and maintain a mapping between needs and information]]

[[William Jones|Jones]] and [[Jaime Teevan|Teevan]] devided all PIM activities in three main groups that support our needs in correlation to information:

* '''Keeping activities''': decisions focused on a single information item about the future needs and future availability.
* '''(Re)finding activities''': driven by our needs for information in PSI.
* '''Meta-level activities''': maintenance (composition and preservation) and organization (selection and implementation of a scheme) of the PIC within PSI, managing privacy, evaluating PSI, making sense of information and information distribution.

The first group of activities is focused on the flow from information to our needs and the second group on the flow from our needs to information. All other activities support both flows as can be seen in Figure 2.<ref name="jonesteevan">William Jones and James Teevan, editors. Personal Information Management. University of Washington Press, 2007</ref>

This framework is more general as [[Richard Boardman|Boardman's]] and [[Deborah Barreau|Barreau's]] and include the whole users' [[PIM_definitions#Personal_Space_of_Information|personal information space]]

Authors also explain these activities in more detailes:

'''Information seeking''': activities directed towards accessing information to satisfy our need or goals. Consider writing a paper: we have to find relevant papers of the subject and all activities involved in searching and finding these paper fall in this category.

'''Information keeping''': decisions and actions about an information item currently in consideration that affect later retrieval. This simply means that we have to decide either to discard information or to keep in and how to keep it. Consider the above example of papers: we visit many web pages with papers and for each one we decide to leave it (discard it because it is not relevant or we think we will easily find it in the future), but some web pages are of great interest (for a paper) and we save them as web bookmarks, print them, save them in a special reference format (e.g. bibtex) ... These activities happen very often and focus is on one information item.

'''Refinding information''': the process of finding information that has been seen before.

'''Information organizing''': decisions and actions about information schema for a collection of information items. This means that we have to decide how to organize a personal information collection to make sense to us. Consider writing a paper: we have to organize references, have to decide on a format (e.g. Bibtex), decide on a software (e.g. BibDesk), decide how to name references (e.g. author's last name, year and first word of a title: jones2008personal, structure, tag, annotate ... These activities happen sporadically and their focus is on collection.

'''Information Maintaining''': decisions and actions about composition and preservation of personal information collection. Consider references from example above: we have to decide which new items are going in a collection, which have leave it, how to back up the collection ... These activities preserve the state and nature of a collection to serve us. Focus is again on a collection.

==Matjaž Kljun==

[[File:Kljun-pim.png|thumb|Figure 3: PIM activities and activities outside PIM by Richard Boardman]]

''Main article can be found '''[[PIM Framework - Matjaž Kljun|here]]'''''

This framework is based on [[Richard Boardman|Bordman's]] and it includes four PIM sub-activities: '''acquiring''', '''organizing''', '''maintaining''' and '''retrieving'''. But it does not impose strict borders between PIM activities; rather '''it presumes that PIM activities overlap''' (not only happen interchangeably) as can be seen in Figure 3. <ref name="kljun">Matjaž Kljun, Alan Dix and Franc Solina. A Study of a Crosstool Information Usage on Personal Computers: how users mentally link information relating to a task but residing in different applications and how importance and type of acquisition affect this. 2009 [http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/33816/1/kljun-crosstool_information_usage_2009.pdf PDF]</ref>

Its starting point is on '''different acquisition types which influences all other activities'''. It tries to frame for example such issues: an email that is automatically acquired and placed in our inbox which is for example our personal information collection; is deleting this email a keeping activity as we process new email messages and decide which we will keep or discard; or is deleting maintaining as we decide which information stays in the collection.

'''Acquisition'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Acquisition can happen in three different ways: '''created''', '''received''' and '''found''' as can be seen in Figure 3. And each of these three sources can be acquired in several of these modes:

* Manually acquired information (created file, manually saved internet documents).
* Semi-automatically acquired information (emails we write that are saved automatically in sent folder, downloaded internet documents to a predefined folder) and
* Automatically acquired information (received emails, RSS feeds).

We have a total control over manually acquired information which can be (re)named and/or placed in information environment based on our decisions at the time we decide. On the other hand, automatically acquired information piles up in a predefined place while we do not have a control over its acquisition. While semi-automatically acquired information still needs our action to be acquired but some actions (like naming and placing, time of acquisition) can be done without our intervention (e.g automatically by an application).
|}

'''Organization'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Users change organizational structure (even if only a small part) also during other activities and that many such small changes incrementally (while thinking and rethinking about small portions of the existing schema) change structure and organization of PICs and PSI. As such information organization overlaps with all other activities as can be seen in Figure 3.
|}

'''Maintenance'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Maintenance is performed to support future (maybe unknown) needs and tasks. Maintaining means to manage the organizational schema in such a way that information related to past tasks, for which it is assessed that it will not be needed any more, is moved out of the way and the organizational schema is organized in a way to support future tasks while it still has to support ongoing tasks.
|}

Consider two tasks:
* Lets get this desk organized as a sporadic activity in comparison to
* Daily organizing email inbox (moving, filing or deleting items).
Both tasks include organizing. But first one is about moving piles of papers from a desk to make place for new ones and to support other future PIM activities (in the long run). While the second task is more about supporting present PIM activities (not get overflown with email on a daily bases). Certainly it also supports future PIM but is more focused in the present.

== Steve Whittaker ==

[[File:Kljun-pim.png|thumb|Figure 4: PIM activities compared]]

Whittaker uses a variant of Jones' PIM lifecycle framework. A framework for the curation lifecycle, which describes the processes by which we Keep, Manage and Access information, elaborating the relationships between these processes.<ref name="whittaker">Steve Whittaker, Personal information management: from information consumption to curation, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 2011, Volume 45, Pages 3--62</ref>

Keeping - Management - Exploitation

However, he claims that Jones and Teevan (2007)'s main focus is on finding and refinding of public data such as that found on the web, e.g. if people want to repeatedly access a valued web resource. In contrast, in this review we are more concerned with information that people create themselves or that they receive in email. Where we focus on web data it is in the context of users' efforts to integrate such information into their personal information systems. Our more strict definition of personal information means we begin our model with keeping. Keeping is a prerequisite for later stages: people cannot manage or exploit information that they have not kept.

== Christina M. Finneran: the ''keeping information'' framework ==

[[File:Finneran-pim.png|thumb|Figure 5: Keeping activities framework]]

This framework (Figure 4) has incorporated key concepts from the hoarding literature.<ref name="finneran">Christina M. Finneran, Factors that influence users to leave, acquire, and retain information items: A case study of college students' Personal Information Management, Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008</ref> It is the refinement of the "keeping" concept. [[PIM_frameworks#William_Jones_and_James_Teevan|Keeping activities]] (as defined by Jones) are broken down into the:

* acquisition,
* discarding or compiling, and
* retention of information items.

Potential influences on keeping behavior from hoarding literature:

* hyper-sentiments about possessions
** emotional attachment to possessions
** memory
** control over possessions
** responsibility for possessions
* information processing deficits (attention, categorization, memory, and use of information to draw conclusions and make decisions)
* emotional distress and avoidance behavior, indecision (what to save, what to discard, and where to retain it)

Further reading on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding hoarding] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_hoarding compulsive hoarding] on Wikipedia.

== Yukon Li, David Elsweiler and Xiaofeng Meng ==

In regard to a TASK, these sholars define another term Personal Data Dtem (PDI). PDI is a the basic building block for a tasks. PDI is defined as an item which has been cre-ated, accessed or modified by a person and is the result of user interaction <ref name="li">Yukon Li, David Elsweiler and Xiaofeng Meng: Towards Task-Organized Desktop Collection. Workshop of the 33rd ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development of Information Retrieval. 2010</ref>. According to this definition, a file, an email or a folder can all be regarded as PDIs. What the definition also makes explicit is that PDIs only refer to items that the user has interacted with and that have not automatically been generated by software.

==Notes==
<references />

PIM frameworks

2012-09-20T14:36:55Z

Mkljun:

==Deborah Barreau==

To understand how PIM is performed, [[Deborah Barreau]] tried to dismember it and so divided it in 5 sub- activities:<ref name="barreau">Deborah Barreau, Context as a factor in personal information management systems, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 5/46, 1995</ref>

* Acquisition: deciding which information will be included in information space, defining, la- belling and grouping information.
* Organization and Storage: classifying, naming, grouping and placing information for later retrieval.
* Maintenance: updating out-of-date information, backing up information, moving or deleting information from information space.
* Retrieval: process of finding information for reuse and • Output: visualizing the information space based on users’ needs and objectives.

Barreau's framework threats a PIM system as a monolithic system centered on a file hierarchy.

==Richard Boardman==

[[File:boardman-pim.png|thumb|Figure 1: PIM activities and activities outside PIM by Richard Boardman]]

Barreau's classification of PIM activities was a basis for [[Richard Boardman|Richard Boardman’s]] classification. Boardman argued that updating information content cannot be a part of PIM, as it deals with content of information items. He also argued that visualizing is done by computers (not users) and that visualization is present in all sub-activities.<ref name="boardman">Richard Boardman, 2004, Improving Tool Support for Personal Information Management, Doctoral dissertation, Imperial College, London</ref> He describes four PIM sub-activities as:

* Acquisition: naming and/or (deciding of a) placement in information space.
* Organization: placing information items, renaming, moving and creating new folders.
* Maintenance: backing up and deleting information from information space.
* Retrieval: browsing, sorting and searching for information.

This framework focuses on a computer as a set of several PIM systems (software applications) that allow a user to manage a [[PIM_definitions#Personal_Information_Collection|collection of personal information]] in a particular technological format

==Pamela Ravasio et. al.==

Ravasio et. al. exposed organization as the main aim of PIM <ref name="ravasio">Pamela Ravasio, Sissel Guttormsen Schr and Helmut Krueger. In pursuit of desktop evolution: User problems and practices with modern desktop systems. ACM Trans. Comp.-Hum. Inter. 11(2):156-180, 2004</ref>. Based on Lansdale's paper <ref name="lansdale">Mark Lansdale. 1988. The psychology of personal information management. Applied ergonomics, 19(1:55-66.</ref> they proposed four underlying tasks that users accomplish during organization:

* information handling
* categorization
* filing and
* retrieval

where ''categorization and filing'' are ''information classification'' and ''retrieval'' is ''information searching''

==William Jones and James Teevan==

[[File:Jones-pim.png|thumb|right|Figure 2: PIM activities viewed as an effort to establish, use, and maintain a mapping between needs and information]]

[[William Jones|Jones]] and [[Jaime Teevan|Teevan]] devided all PIM activities in three main groups that support our needs in correlation to information:

* '''Keeping activities''': decisions focused on a single information item about the future needs and future availability.
* '''(Re)finding activities''': driven by our needs for information in PSI.
* '''Meta-level activities''': maintenance (composition and preservation) and organization (selection and implementation of a scheme) of the PIC within PSI, managing privacy, evaluating PSI, making sense of information and information distribution.

The first group of activities is focused on the flow from information to our needs and the second group on the flow from our needs to information. All other activities support both flows as can be seen in Figure 2.<ref name="jonesteevan">William Jones and James Teevan, editors. Personal Information Management. University of Washington Press, 2007</ref>

This framework is more general as [[Richard Boardman|Boardman's]] and [[Deborah Barreau|Barreau's]] and include the whole users' [[PIM_definitions#Personal_Space_of_Information|personal information space]]

Authors also explain these activities in more detailes:

'''Information seeking''': activities directed towards accessing information to satisfy our need or goals. Consider writing a paper: we have to find relevant papers of the subject and all activities involved in searching and finding these paper fall in this category.

'''Information keeping''': decisions and actions about an information item currently in consideration that affect later retrieval. This simply means that we have to decide either to discard information or to keep in and how to keep it. Consider the above example of papers: we visit many web pages with papers and for each one we decide to leave it (discard it because it is not relevant or we think we will easily find it in the future), but some web pages are of great interest (for a paper) and we save them as web bookmarks, print them, save them in a special reference format (e.g. bibtex) ... These activities happen very often and focus is on one information item.

'''Refinding information''': the process of finding information that has been seen before.

'''Information organizing''': decisions and actions about information schema for a collection of information items. This means that we have to decide how to organize a personal information collection to make sense to us. Consider writing a paper: we have to organize references, have to decide on a format (e.g. Bibtex), decide on a software (e.g. BibDesk), decide how to name references (e.g. author's last name, year and first word of a title: jones2008personal, structure, tag, annotate ... These activities happen sporadically and their focus is on collection.

'''Information Maintaining''': decisions and actions about composition and preservation of personal information collection. Consider references from example above: we have to decide which new items are going in a collection, which have leave it, how to back up the collection ... These activities preserve the state and nature of a collection to serve us. Focus is again on a collection.

==Matjaž Kljun==

[[File:Kljun-pim.png|thumb|Figure 3: PIM activities and activities outside PIM by Richard Boardman]]

''Main article can be found '''[[PIM Framework - Matjaž Kljun|here]]'''''

This framework is based on [[Richard Boardman|Bordman's]] and it includes four PIM sub-activities: '''acquiring''', '''organizing''', '''maintaining''' and '''retrieving'''. But it does not impose strict borders between PIM activities; rather '''it presumes that PIM activities overlap''' (not only happen interchangeably) as can be seen in Figure 3. <ref name="kljun">Matjaž Kljun, Alan Dix and Franc Solina. A Study of a Crosstool Information Usage on Personal Computers: how users mentally link information relating to a task but residing in different applications and how importance and type of acquisition affect this. 2009 [http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/33816/1/kljun-crosstool_information_usage_2009.pdf PDF]</ref>

Its starting point is on '''different acquisition types which influences all other activities'''. It tries to frame for example such issues: an email that is automatically acquired and placed in our inbox which is for example our personal information collection; is deleting this email a keeping activity as we process new email messages and decide which we will keep or discard; or is deleting maintaining as we decide which information stays in the collection.

'''Acquisition'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Acquisition can happen in three different ways: '''created''', '''received''' and '''found''' as can be seen in Figure 3. And each of these three sources can be acquired in several of these modes:

* Manually acquired information (created file, manually saved internet documents).
* Semi-automatically acquired information (emails we write that are saved automatically in sent folder, downloaded internet documents to a predefined folder) and
* Automatically acquired information (received emails, RSS feeds).

We have a total control over manually acquired information which can be (re)named and/or placed in information environment based on our decisions at the time we decide. On the other hand, automatically acquired information piles up in a predefined place while we do not have a control over its acquisition. While semi-automatically acquired information still needs our action to be acquired but some actions (like naming and placing, time of acquisition) can be done without our intervention (e.g automatically by an application).
|}

'''Organization'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Users change organizational structure (even if only a small part) also during other activities and that many such small changes incrementally (while thinking and rethinking about small portions of the existing schema) change structure and organization of PICs and PSI. As such information organization overlaps with all other activities as can be seen in Figure 3.
|}

'''Maintenance'''

{| border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"
|-----
| Maintenance is performed to support future (maybe unknown) needs and tasks. Maintaining means to manage the organizational schema in such a way that information related to past tasks, for which it is assessed that it will not be needed any more, is moved out of the way and the organizational schema is organized in a way to support future tasks while it still has to support ongoing tasks.
|}

Consider two tasks:
* Lets get this desk organized as a sporadic activity in comparison to
* Daily organizing email inbox (moving, filing or deleting items).
Both tasks include organizing. But first one is about moving piles of papers from a desk to make place for new ones and to support other future PIM activities (in the long run). While the second task is more about supporting present PIM activities (not get overflown with email on a daily bases). Certainly it also supports future PIM but is more focused in the present.

== Steve Whittaker ==

[[File:Kljun-pim.png|thumb|Figure 4: PIM activities compared]]

Whittaker uses a variant of Jones' PIM lifecycle framework. A framework for the curation lifecycle, which describes the processes by which we Keep, Manage and Access information, elaborating the relationships between these processes.

Keeping - Management - Exploitation

However, he claims that Jones and Teevan (2007)'s main focus is on finding and refinding of public data such as that found on the web, e.g. if people want to repeatedly access a valued web resource. In contrast, in this review we are more concerned with information that people create themselves or that they receive in email. Where we focus on web data it is in the context of users' efforts to integrate such information into their personal information systems. Our more strict definition of personal information means we begin our model with keeping. Keeping is a prerequisite for later stages: people cannot manage or exploit information that they have not kept.

== Christina M. Finneran: the ''keeping information'' framework ==

[[File:Finneran-pim.png|thumb|Figure 5: Keeping activities framework]]

This framework (Figure 4) has incorporated key concepts from the hoarding literature.<ref name="finneran">Christina M. Finneran, Factors that influence users to leave, acquire, and retain information items: A case study of college students' Personal Information Management, Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008</ref> It is the refinement of the "keeping" concept. [[PIM_frameworks#William_Jones_and_James_Teevan|Keeping activities]] (as defined by Jones) are broken down into the:

* acquisition,
* discarding or compiling, and
* retention of information items.

Potential influences on keeping behavior from hoarding literature:

* hyper-sentiments about possessions
** emotional attachment to possessions
** memory
** control over possessions
** responsibility for possessions
* information processing deficits (attention, categorization, memory, and use of information to draw conclusions and make decisions)
* emotional distress and avoidance behavior, indecision (what to save, what to discard, and where to retain it)

Further reading on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding hoarding] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsive_hoarding compulsive hoarding] on Wikipedia.

== Yukon Li, David Elsweiler and Xiaofeng Meng ==

In regard to a TASK, these sholars define another term Personal Data Dtem (PDI). PDI is a the basic building block for a tasks. PDI is defined as an item which has been cre-ated, accessed or modified by a person and is the result of user interaction <ref name="li">Yukon Li, David Elsweiler and Xiaofeng Meng: Towards Task-Organized Desktop Collection. Workshop of the 33rd ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development of Information Retrieval. 2010</ref>. According to this definition, a file, an email or a folder can all be regarded as PDIs. What the definition also makes explicit is that PDIs only refer to items that the user has interacted with and that have not automatically been generated by software.

==Notes==
<references />

File:Whittaker framework.png

2012-09-20T14:34:46Z

Mkljun:

Visualizing large hierarchies

2012-06-05T09:27:47Z

Mkljun: Reverted edits by MistyReyes (talk) to last revision by Mkljun

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumard">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees<ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="andrews">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="holten">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="radial">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref><ref name="book">Greg Book & Neeta Keshary. Radial Tree Graph Drawing Algorithm for Representing Large Hierarchies. University of Connecticut. 2001</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Disc Trees (plain disc trees and compact disc trees) (a variant of Cone trees)<ref name="disctree">Chang-Sung Jeong, Alex Pang. Reconfigurable Disc Trees for Visualizing Large Hierarchical Information Space. IEEE InfoVis. 1998.</ref>

[[File:Tree-disk.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Cat-a-Cone <ref name="hearst">Marti A. Hearst, Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. ACM/SIGIR 97</ref>

[[File:Tree-catacone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* RF-Cone <ref name="teraoka">Teruhiko Teraoka, Minoru Maruyama. Adaptive Information Visualization Based on the User's Multiple Viewpoints - Interactive 3D Visualization of the WWW. IEEE InfoVis. 1997</ref>

[[File:Tree-rfcone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* LyberWorld

|- valign="top"
|* Bubble tree <ref name="grivet">S. Grivet, D. Auber, J. P. Domenger and G. Melancon. Bubble Tree drawing algorithm. Computational Imaging and Vision, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-buubletree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|* Tree radial <ref name="grivet" />

[[File:Tree-treeradial.png|center|border|200px|Figure 15: Tree radial]]

|* Tree walker <ref name="grivet" />

[[File:Tree-treewalker.png|center|border|200px|Figure 16: Tree Walker]]

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

PIM links and sources

2011-12-08T14:13:45Z

Mkljun: /* PIM workshops */

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held approximately every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-15, CSCW 2012, Seattle]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

==Bibliographies==

A those interested in PIM reaearch, several lists of bibliographies exist. Some are short (good to start with) and some are very long (for advanced and interested in the topic).

* A good starting point is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management#Books_and_articles_on_PIM Wikipedia's list of PIM references] which includes books as well (books are listed below separately)
* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/PIMcore.xml Core readings] from Personal Information Management Resource Bank (suggested by some of the most active researchers in the area)
* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/PIMlibrary.xml A comprehensive PIM literature] from Personal Information Management Resource Bank
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/research/refs A short Richard Boardman'd recomended references on PIM] [[Recommended references on PIM (Richard Boardman)|COPY on this WIKI]]
* A list used in a PIM PhD theses is [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim-biog.htm Richad Boardman's PIM references]
* The most comprehensive list of papers and books on PIM and related to PIM is available at [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Univesity of Washington, The Information School, PIM web site]
* [http://sites.google.com/site/emailresearchorg/bibliography Renewed Jacek Gwizdka's Email bibliography] maintained by Mark Dredze
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/publications.htm Publications of Keeping Found Things Found project]
* [http://www.bibsonomy.org/user/nepomuk/nepomuk Bibliography on Nepomuk and Semantic desktop]
* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/publications.html Haystack's research group publications]
* [http://ccism.pc.athabascau.ca/html/courses/global/info/ERGO/overload.htm Information Overload articles from Center for Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Canada] [[Information overload (Athabasca University)|COPY on this site]]
* [http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/ombib.ackerman.html Organizational Memory, Mark Ackerman, EECS, University of Michigan]

==Books==

Academic reading

* William Jones, James Teevan (Editors), ''Personal Information Management'', 2007, Seattle, WA: [http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/JONPEP.html University of Washington Press]. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0295987375 Amazon] ISBN 978-0-295-98737-8

* Victor Kaptelinin and Mary Czerwinski (Editors), ''Beyond the Desktop Metaphor: Designing Integrated Digital Work Environments'', 2007, MIT Press Books, The MIT Press

Non academic reading

* William Jones, ''[http://keepingfoundthingsfound.com/ Keeping found things found]: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management'', 2008. Burlington, MA: [http://www.elsevierdirect.com/product.jsp?isbn=9780123708663 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers]. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0123708664 Amazon] ISBN 978-0-12-370866-3

Task and information management books from David Allen
* Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity, 2001, Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-200028-0
* Ready for Anything, 2003, Viking Books, ISBN 0-670-03250-6
* Making it All Work, 2008, Viking Books, ISBN 978-0-7499-4103-1

Books on information management techniques:
* Personal Information Management: Tools and Techniques for Achieving Professional Effectiveness. Barbara Etzel & Peter Thomas. 1999. 2nd edition. ISBN 978-0814722008

==Other Links==

* [http://www.talesofpim.org/ Tales of PIM] - Share your PIM problems with others on [http://www.talesofpim.org/forum/ a forum]
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/index.htm Keeping Found Things Found project]
* [[PIM researchers|List of research groups]]
* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/ Haystack project] has an interesting [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/blog/ blog] maintained by researchers of the group
* [http://listserv.acm.org/scripts/wa.exe?A0=CHI-ANNOUNCEMENTS SIGCHI announcements] mailing list (or RSS) of Cfp for HCI conferences, journals and workshops
* [http://www.usabilitynews.com/ Usability news] latest news in usability and HCI
* [http://steves.seasidelife.com/2005/03/15/personal-information-lifecycle-managemenet/ PIM lifecycle] Steve Richards' Blog, Adventures in home working

PIM links and sources

2011-12-08T14:13:11Z

Mkljun:

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-15, CSCW 2012, Seattle]
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

==Bibliographies==

A those interested in PIM reaearch, several lists of bibliographies exist. Some are short (good to start with) and some are very long (for advanced and interested in the topic).

* A good starting point is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management#Books_and_articles_on_PIM Wikipedia's list of PIM references] which includes books as well (books are listed below separately)
* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/PIMcore.xml Core readings] from Personal Information Management Resource Bank (suggested by some of the most active researchers in the area)
* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/PIMlibrary.xml A comprehensive PIM literature] from Personal Information Management Resource Bank
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/research/refs A short Richard Boardman'd recomended references on PIM] [[Recommended references on PIM (Richard Boardman)|COPY on this WIKI]]
* A list used in a PIM PhD theses is [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim-biog.htm Richad Boardman's PIM references]
* The most comprehensive list of papers and books on PIM and related to PIM is available at [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Univesity of Washington, The Information School, PIM web site]
* [http://sites.google.com/site/emailresearchorg/bibliography Renewed Jacek Gwizdka's Email bibliography] maintained by Mark Dredze
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/publications.htm Publications of Keeping Found Things Found project]
* [http://www.bibsonomy.org/user/nepomuk/nepomuk Bibliography on Nepomuk and Semantic desktop]
* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/publications.html Haystack's research group publications]
* [http://ccism.pc.athabascau.ca/html/courses/global/info/ERGO/overload.htm Information Overload articles from Center for Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Canada] [[Information overload (Athabasca University)|COPY on this site]]
* [http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/ombib.ackerman.html Organizational Memory, Mark Ackerman, EECS, University of Michigan]

==Books==

Academic reading

* William Jones, James Teevan (Editors), ''Personal Information Management'', 2007, Seattle, WA: [http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/JONPEP.html University of Washington Press]. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0295987375 Amazon] ISBN 978-0-295-98737-8

* Victor Kaptelinin and Mary Czerwinski (Editors), ''Beyond the Desktop Metaphor: Designing Integrated Digital Work Environments'', 2007, MIT Press Books, The MIT Press

Non academic reading

* William Jones, ''[http://keepingfoundthingsfound.com/ Keeping found things found]: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management'', 2008. Burlington, MA: [http://www.elsevierdirect.com/product.jsp?isbn=9780123708663 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers]. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0123708664 Amazon] ISBN 978-0-12-370866-3

Task and information management books from David Allen
* Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity, 2001, Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-200028-0
* Ready for Anything, 2003, Viking Books, ISBN 0-670-03250-6
* Making it All Work, 2008, Viking Books, ISBN 978-0-7499-4103-1

Books on information management techniques:
* Personal Information Management: Tools and Techniques for Achieving Professional Effectiveness. Barbara Etzel & Peter Thomas. 1999. 2nd edition. ISBN 978-0814722008

==Other Links==

* [http://www.talesofpim.org/ Tales of PIM] - Share your PIM problems with others on [http://www.talesofpim.org/forum/ a forum]
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/index.htm Keeping Found Things Found project]
* [[PIM researchers|List of research groups]]
* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/ Haystack project] has an interesting [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/blog/ blog] maintained by researchers of the group
* [http://listserv.acm.org/scripts/wa.exe?A0=CHI-ANNOUNCEMENTS SIGCHI announcements] mailing list (or RSS) of Cfp for HCI conferences, journals and workshops
* [http://www.usabilitynews.com/ Usability news] latest news in usability and HCI
* [http://steves.seasidelife.com/2005/03/15/personal-information-lifecycle-managemenet/ PIM lifecycle] Steve Richards' Blog, Adventures in home working

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2011-10-03T12:56:01Z

Mkljun: /* PIM workshops */

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, I enabled simple equation captchas''' that have to be answered for anonymous edits and new user registration.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/ 2012, February 11-12, CSCW 2012 Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]
** [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/cfp Call for participants]
** [http://pimworkshop.org/2012/important-dates Important dates]: submission deadline 25th of November 2012
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, ACM CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington, USA]

Visualizing large hierarchies

2011-05-04T13:15:16Z

Mkljun: /* Visualizing large hierarchies */

File:Tree-treewalker.png

2011-05-04T13:15:08Z

Mkljun:

Visualizing large hierarchies

2011-05-04T13:13:15Z

Mkljun: /* Visualizing large hierarchies */

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumard">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees<ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="andrews">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="holten">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="radial">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref><ref name="book">Greg Book & Neeta Keshary. Radial Tree Graph Drawing Algorithm for Representing Large Hierarchies. University of Connecticut. 2001</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Disc Trees (plain disc trees and compact disc trees) (a variant of Cone trees)<ref name="disctree">Chang-Sung Jeong, Alex Pang. Reconfigurable Disc Trees for Visualizing Large Hierarchical Information Space. IEEE InfoVis. 1998.</ref>

[[File:Tree-disk.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Cat-a-Cone <ref name="hearst">Marti A. Hearst, Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. ACM/SIGIR 97</ref>

[[File:Tree-catacone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* RF-Cone <ref name="teraoka">Teruhiko Teraoka, Minoru Maruyama. Adaptive Information Visualization Based on the User's Multiple Viewpoints - Interactive 3D Visualization of the WWW. IEEE InfoVis. 1997</ref>

[[File:Tree-rfcone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* LyberWorld

|- valign="top"
|* Bubble tree <ref name="grivet">S. Grivet, D. Auber, J. P. Domenger and G. Melancon. Bubble Tree drawing algorithm. Computational Imaging and Vision, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-buubletree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|* Tree radial <ref name="grivet" />

[[File:Tree-treeradial.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|* Tree walker <ref name="grivet" />

[[File:Tree-treewalker.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

Visualizing large hierarchies

2011-05-04T13:12:50Z

Mkljun: /* Visualizing large hierarchies */

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumard">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees<ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="andrews">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="holten">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="radial">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref><ref name="book">Greg Book & Neeta Keshary. Radial Tree Graph Drawing Algorithm for Representing Large Hierarchies. University of Connecticut. 2001</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Disc Trees (plain disc trees and compact disc trees) (a variant of Cone trees)<ref name="disctree">Chang-Sung Jeong, Alex Pang. Reconfigurable Disc Trees for Visualizing Large Hierarchical Information Space. IEEE InfoVis. 1998.</ref>

[[File:Tree-disk.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Cat-a-Cone <ref name="hearst">Marti A. Hearst, Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. ACM/SIGIR 97</ref>

[[File:Tree-catacone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* RF-Cone <ref name="teraoka">Teruhiko Teraoka, Minoru Maruyama. Adaptive Information Visualization Based on the User's Multiple Viewpoints - Interactive 3D Visualization of the WWW. IEEE InfoVis. 1997</ref>

[[File:Tree-rfcone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* LyberWorld

|- valign="top"
|* Bubble tree <ref name="grivet">S. Grivet, D. Auber, J. P. Domenger and G. Melancon. Bubble Tree drawing algorithm. Computational Imaging and Vision, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-buubletree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|* Tree radial <ref name="grivet">

[[File:Tree-treeradial.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|* Tree walker <ref name="grivet">

[[File:Tree-treewalker.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

File:Tree-treeradial.png

2011-05-04T13:04:20Z

Mkljun:

Visualizing large hierarchies

2011-05-04T12:55:07Z

Mkljun: /* Visualizing large hierarchies */

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumard">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees<ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="andrews">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="holten">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="radial">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Disc Trees (plain disc trees and compact disc trees) (a variant of Cone trees)<ref name="disctree">Chang-Sung Jeong, Alex Pang. Reconfigurable Disc Trees for Visualizing Large Hierarchical Information Space. IEEE InfoVis. 1998.</ref>

[[File:Tree-disk.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Cat-a-Cone <ref name="hearst">Marti A. Hearst, Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. ACM/SIGIR 97</ref>

[[File:Tree-catacone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* RF-Cone <ref name="teraoka">Teruhiko Teraoka, Minoru Maruyama. Adaptive Information Visualization Based on the User's Multiple Viewpoints - Interactive 3D Visualization of the WWW. IEEE InfoVis. 1997</ref>

[[File:Tree-rfcone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* LyberWorld

|- valign="top"
|* Bubble tree <ref name="grivet">S. Grivet, D. Auber, J. P. Domenger and G. Melancon. Bubble Tree drawing algorithm. Computational Imaging and Vision, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-buubletree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 14: Bubble tree]]

|*

|*

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

File:Tree-buubletree.png

2011-05-04T12:47:56Z

Mkljun:

PIM links and sources

2011-03-13T12:56:00Z

Mkljun: /* Books */

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* 2011, May 7-12, CHI 2011, Vancouver
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

==Bibliographies==

A those interested in PIM reaearch, several lists of bibliographies exist. Some are short (good to start with) and some are very long (for advanced and interested in the topic).

* A good starting point is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management#Books_and_articles_on_PIM Wikipedia's list of PIM references] which includes books as well (books are listed below separately)
* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/PIMcore.xml Core readings] from Personal Information Management Resource Bank (suggested by some of the most active researchers in the area)
* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/PIMlibrary.xml A comprehensive PIM literature] from Personal Information Management Resource Bank
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/research/refs A short Richard Boardman'd recomended references on PIM] [[Recommended references on PIM (Richard Boardman)|COPY on this WIKI]]
* A list used in a PIM PhD theses is [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/pim-biog.htm Richad Boardman's PIM references]
* The most comprehensive list of papers and books on PIM and related to PIM is available at [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Univesity of Washington, The Information School, PIM web site]
* [http://sites.google.com/site/emailresearchorg/bibliography Renewed Jacek Gwizdka's Email bibliography] maintained by Mark Dredze
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/publications.htm Publications of Keeping Found Things Found project]
* [http://www.bibsonomy.org/user/nepomuk/nepomuk Bibliography on Nepomuk and Semantic desktop]
* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/publications.html Haystack's research group publications]
* [http://ccism.pc.athabascau.ca/html/courses/global/info/ERGO/overload.htm Information Overload articles from Center for Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Canada] [[Information overload (Athabasca University)|COPY on this site]]
* [http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~ackerm/ombib.ackerman.html Organizational Memory, Mark Ackerman, EECS, University of Michigan]

==Books==

Academic reading

* William Jones, James Teevan (Editors), ''Personal Information Management'', 2007, Seattle, WA: [http://www.washington.edu/uwpress/search/books/JONPEP.html University of Washington Press]. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0295987375 Amazon] ISBN 978-0-295-98737-8

* Victor Kaptelinin and Mary Czerwinski (Editors), ''Beyond the Desktop Metaphor: Designing Integrated Digital Work Environments'', 2007, MIT Press Books, The MIT Press

Non academic reading

* William Jones, ''[http://keepingfoundthingsfound.com/ Keeping found things found]: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management'', 2008. Burlington, MA: [http://www.elsevierdirect.com/product.jsp?isbn=9780123708663 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers]. [http://www.amazon.com/dp/0123708664 Amazon] ISBN 978-0-12-370866-3

Task and information management books from David Allen
* Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity, 2001, Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-200028-0
* Ready for Anything, 2003, Viking Books, ISBN 0-670-03250-6
* Making it All Work, 2008, Viking Books, ISBN 978-0-7499-4103-1

Books on information management techniques:
* Personal Information Management: Tools and Techniques for Achieving Professional Effectiveness. Barbara Etzel & Peter Thomas. 1999. 2nd edition. ISBN 978-0814722008

==Other Links==

* [http://www.talesofpim.org/ Tales of PIM] - Share your PIM problems with others on [http://www.talesofpim.org/forum/ a forum]
* [http://kftf.ischool.washington.edu/index.htm Keeping Found Things Found project]
* [[PIM researchers|List of research groups]]
* [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/ Haystack project] has an interesting [http://groups.csail.mit.edu/haystack/blog/ blog] maintained by researchers of the group
* [http://listserv.acm.org/scripts/wa.exe?A0=CHI-ANNOUNCEMENTS SIGCHI announcements] mailing list (or RSS) of Cfp for HCI conferences, journals and workshops
* [http://www.usabilitynews.com/ Usability news] latest news in usability and HCI
* [http://steves.seasidelife.com/2005/03/15/personal-information-lifecycle-managemenet/ PIM lifecycle] Steve Richards' Blog, Adventures in home working

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2011-01-10T14:21:33Z

Mkljun: /* PIM workshops */

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, I enabled simple equation captchas''' that have to be answered for anonymous edits and new user registration.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* 2011: possible options CIKM 2011 and CSCW+WSDM 2012
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

File:Tree-Lybertree.gif

2010-10-08T18:31:18Z

Mkljun:

File:Tree-sunburst.png

2010-10-08T18:20:34Z

Mkljun:

PIM and tasks

2010-10-04T17:43:10Z

Mkljun: Created page with "PIM and tasks: * role, * project, * task, * activity KFTF, czewinski's task description"

PIM and tasks:

* role,
* project,
* task,
* activity

KFTF, czewinski's task description

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2010-10-04T17:42:30Z

Mkljun:

Visualizing large hierarchies

2010-10-01T15:39:53Z

Mkljun: /* Visualizing large hierarchies */

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumard">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees<ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="andrews">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="holten">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="radial">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Disc Trees (plain disc trees and compact disc trees) (a variant of Cone trees)<ref name="disctree">Chang-Sung Jeong, Alex Pang. Reconfigurable Disc Trees for Visualizing Large Hierarchical Information Space. IEEE InfoVis. 1998.</ref>

[[File:Tree-disk.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Cat-a-Cone <ref name="hearst">Marti A. Hearst, Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. ACM/SIGIR 97</ref>

[[File:Tree-catacone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* RF-Cone <ref name="teraoka">Teruhiko Teraoka, Minoru Maruyama. Adaptive Information Visualization Based on the User's Multiple Viewpoints - Interactive 3D Visualization of the WWW. IEEE InfoVis. 1997</ref>

[[File:Tree-rfcone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* LyberWorld

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

Visualizing large hierarchies

2010-10-01T15:39:08Z

Mkljun: /* Visualizing large hierarchies */

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumard">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees<ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="andrews">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="holten">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="radial">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Disc Trees (plain disc trees and compact disc trees) (a variant of Cone trees)<ref name="disctree">Chang-Sung Jeong, Alex Pang. Reconfigurable Disc Trees for Visualizing Large Hierarchical Information Space. IEEE InfoVis. 1998.</ref>

[[File:Tree-disk.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Cat-a-Cone <ref name="hearst">Marti A. Hearst, Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. ACM/SIGIR 97</ref>

[[File:Tree-catacone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* RF-Cone <ref name="hearst">Teruhiko Teraoka, Minoru Maruyama. Adaptive Information Visualization Based on the User's Multiple Viewpoints - Interactive 3D Visualization of the WWW. IEEE InfoVis. 1997</ref>

[[File:Tree-rfcone.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* LyberWorld

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

File:Tree-rfcone.jpg

2010-10-01T15:36:17Z

Mkljun:

File:Tree-catacone.jpg

2010-10-01T15:27:25Z

Mkljun:

File:Tree-disk.jpg

2010-10-01T15:19:28Z

Mkljun:

Visualizing large hierarchies

2010-09-27T16:12:20Z

Mkljun:

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumard">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees<ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="andrews">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="holten">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="radial">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

Visualizing large hierarchies

2010-09-27T16:09:33Z

Mkljun:

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumar">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees <ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|* Radial tree <ref name="">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree Wikipedia Radial tree article]</ref>

[[File:Tree-radial.jpg|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

File:Tree-radial.jpg

2010-09-27T16:09:09Z

Mkljun:

Visualizing large hierarchies

2010-09-27T15:45:42Z

Mkljun:

==Visualizing large hierarchies==

Besides lines and nodes (the way file hierarchies are presented in today's file managers) and indented outlines (like the table of content of a document) there are several other (large) hierarchy visualizations. Most of these visualizations do provide an overall view on a hierarchy but most are not suitable to manage personal information. Some of them focus only one aspect of information items (e.g. size) and do not provide enough contextual clues for easy performing [[PIM frameworks|pim activities]].

{|style="" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
! width="33%"|
|- valign="top"
|* 3-dimensional cone trees <ref name="robertson">Robertson, George G., Card, Stuart K., and Mackinlay, Jock D., Information visualization using 3-D interactive animation, Communications of the ACM 36, 4 (April 1993), 56-71</ref>

[[File:Tree-cone_tree.png‎|center|border|200px|Figure 1: The cone tree]]

|* fviz (improved cone trees or a balloon view of radial trees) <ref name="carriere">Carriere, Jeremy and Kazman, Rick, Interacting with huge hierarchies: Beyond cone trees, Proc. IEEE Information Visualization '95, IEEE Computer Press, Los Alamitos, CA (1995), 74-81.</ref>

[[File:Tree-camtrees.png|center|border|200px|Figure 2: Cam tree]]

|* Dynamic pruning in the TreeBrowser with dynamic queries<ref name="kumar">Harsha Kumard, Catherine Plaisant, Ben Shneiderman, Browsing Hierarchical Data with Multi-Level Dynamic Queries and Pruning, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 46, 103--124</ref>

[[File:Tree-treebrowser_pruning.png|center|border|200px|Figure 3: TreeBrowser with pruning by dynamic queries]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hyperbolic trees (+focus)<ref name="lamping">Lamping, John, Rao, Ramana, and Pirolli, Peter, A focus + context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies, Proc. of ACM CHI95 Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY (1995), 401-408</ref>

[[File:Tree-hyperbolic.png|center|border|200px|Figure 4: Hyperbolic tree]]

|* Treemap (1991) uses a size of files and visualizes them as rectangles where the biggest file takes the biggest space on screen [33]. This visualization is good to spot biggest files but not for everyday management. <ref name="johnson">Johnson, Brian, and Shneiderman, Ben, Tree-maps: A space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures, Proc. IEEE Visualization’91, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ (1991), 284–291.</ref>

[[File:Tree-treemap.png|center|border|200px|Figure 5: Treemap]]

|* StepTree - a 3D treemap to navigate large hierarchies <ref name="bladh">Bladh, Thomas and Carr, David A. and Kljun, Matjaz, The Effect of Animated Transitions on User Navigation in 3D Tree-Maps, IV '05: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2005, 297--305, IEEE Computer Society</ref>

[[File:Tree-steptree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 6: StepTree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Beamtrees<ref name="wijk">J. van Wijk, F. van Ham, and H. van de Wetering. Rendering hierarchical data. Communications of the ACM, 46(9):263, 2003.</ref>

[[File:Tree-beamtree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 7: Beamtree]]

|* Botanical Trees <ref name="wijk" />

[[File:Tree-botanicaltree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 8: Botanical tree]]

|rowspan="2"|* PhylloTrees<ref name="neumann">Petra Neumann, M. Sheelagh T. Carpendale and Anand Agarawala, PhylloTrees: Phyllotactic Patterns for Tree Layout, Proceedings of Eurographics / IEEE VGTC Symposium on Visualization, EuroVis 2006, Lisbon, Portugal</ref>

[[File:Tree-phylotree.png|center|border|200px|Figure 9: Phyllotree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Information cube (a nested box metaphor) <ref name="rekimoto">J. Rekimoto and M. Green, “The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3D Information Visualization”, Proceedings of the Third Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS’93), 1993.</ref>

[[File:Tree-informationcube.png|center|border|200px|Figure 10: Information cube]]

|* Fractal trees<ref name="koike">Hideki Koike and Hirotaka Yoshihara, Fractal Approaches for Visualizing Huge Hierarchies, In Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1993, 55--60</ref>

[[File:Tree-fractal.png|center|border|200px|Figure 11: Fractal tree]]

|- valign="top"
|* Circular trees<ref name="ciccarelli">Francesca D. Ciccarelli, Tobias Doerks, Christian von Mering, Christopher J. Creevey, Berend Snel, and Peer Bork1, Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life, Science, vol. 311, no. 5765, pages 1283, 2006, AAAS</ref>

[[File:Tree-circular.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Circular tree]]

|* PolyPlane trees<ref name="hong">Seok-Hee Hong and Tom Murtagh, PolyPlane: A New Layout Algorithm For Trees In Three Dimensions, 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-polyplane.png|center|border|200px|Figure 12: PolyPlane tree]]

|* Information slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs<ref name="">Keith Andrews, Helmut Heidegger. Information Slices: Visualising and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis’98)</ref>

[[File:Tree-slices.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|- valign="top"
|* Hierarchical Edge Bundles<ref name="">Danny Holten. Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL. 12, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2006</ref>

[[File:Tree-edge-bundles.png|center|border|200px|Figure 13: Information slices]]

|

|

|}

Overview papers - Further reading:

Ivan Herman, Guy Melançon and M. Scott Marshall, Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24--43, 2000 [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/infovis/readings/hermann.pdf PDF]

Other visualization (related or not to hierarchies):

Ben Shneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations, The craft of information visualization: readings and reflections, 364--371, 2003 [http://triton.towson.edu/~hhochhei/classes/spring07/686/Hochheiser-eyes.pdf PDF]

==Notes==
<references />

File:Tree-edge-bundles.png

2010-09-27T15:44:58Z

Mkljun:

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2010-09-13T13:03:47Z

Mkljun:

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism, I enabled simple equation captchas''' that have to be answered for anonymous edits and new user registration.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* 2011, May 7-12, CHI 2011, Vancouver
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2010-09-13T11:38:19Z

Mkljun:

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. '''Due to vandalism''' I had to take up some actions and '''registration is needed before editing'''.

If you have any question, want higher privileges, etc. feel free to [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html contact me].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* 2011, May 7-12, CHI 2011, Vancouver
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2010-09-13T11:23:16Z

Mkljun:

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''. Due to vandalism I had to take up some actions and registration is needed before editing. If you want higher privileges please contact me.

To contact me please follow [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html this link].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* 2011, May 7-12, CHI 2011, Vancouver
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

Personal Information Management (PIM) resources

2010-09-13T11:16:59Z

Mkljun: Protected "Personal Information Management (PIM) resources": Excessive spamming ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite)) [cascading]

One of the reasons why this page has come to life is to '''''provide a central resource to PIM research, theory and sources'''''. A few such resources exist but they are either old, exist in a non-editable version or are not so resourceful. Some text from these resources is available on these pages as well (always accordingly cited). The main reason for copying the text here is that I came across many potentially interesting links but unfortunately these sites are not available anymore.

Probably the main reason for making this site available as a ''wiki'' is to '''''let anyone edit it'''''. Everyone who is '''''interested in contributing/editing/administrating this site is welcomed to do so'''''.

To contact me please follow [http://pim.famnit.upr.si/blog/index.php?/archives/29-Contact.html this link].

==Personal information Management==

PIM is an area of research and a practice of the activities like ''handling'', ''storing'', ''classifying'', ''organizing'', ''sharing'', ''protecting'', ''archiving'' information for various purposes.

In practice such purposes can be: ''saving a web bookmark'' to read that page later, ''write a post-it note'' for a wife and put it on a fridge, ''tidy up a desk and file away documents'' which will not be needed in the near future, call a client to make an appointment and ''write the note'' in a calendar, ''clean up cluttered email inbox'', ''frame a family photo'' and ''hang it'' on the office wall for decoration and impression management, ''create a folder'' for storing project files, etc. So everyone manages information to support various needs and tasks.

PIM as an area of research tries to understand and interpret these activities and provide better solutions. This area of research is old as are personal computers, but is new as well as in last years more researchers became involved and a lot of knowledge has flourished. There are several [[PIM definitions]] and a few theoretical [[PIM frameworks]]. PIM also [[PIM related areas|relates to several other disciplines]] but the main distinction between PIM and other disciplines is that its focus is on understanding interactions between people, their information and technologies involved in managing this information.

==Personal information manager==

Most people's understanding of a [[PIM tools|PIM application]] is an email client integrated with calendar and address book. But PIM applications are more than just an email client.

Personal Information Manager is '''every tool used to manage personal information'''. Three most used PIM tools or applications are certainly: ''a file browser'', ''an email client'' and ''a web bookmarks manager''. There are also other PIM applications like: ''calendar'', ''address book'', ''RSS client'', ''to-do notes'', ''instant messenger stored conversation'', ''voicemail'', ''project managers'', ''photo/music/video managers'', etc. In a broader sense an office ''file cabinet'', ''paper clips'', etc. are PIM tools as well. More and more PIM tools are now available online as well such us: ''blogs'', ''wikis'', ''social networks'', ''forums'' and such.

[[PIM tools]] have always been a challenge to the [[PIM researchers|HCI and PIM researchers]] and several [[PIM_tools#PIM_research_prototypes|research prototypes]] for personal computers emerged in the last three decades. Today a focus of research has become more interested in online [[PIM_tools#Web_research_prototypes|PIM tools]] as well.

==Other resources about PIM==

A good starting point to become familiar with Personal Information Management as an area of study is Wikipedia

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_management Personal Information Management]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_information_manager Personal Information Manager]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_personal_information_managers List of Personal Information Managers]

Other resources

* [http://courseweb.lis.illinois.edu/~marino4/PIM/index.html Personal Information Management Resource Bank]. This site has a good collection of core readings, and a comprehensive list of books, papers and other reading material.
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/bibliography.htm Resources for Personal Information Management] at The Information School, University of Washington
* [http://www.iis.ee.ic.ac.uk/~rick/ Richard Boardman's old web site] at University College, London

[[PIM links and sources|Other links are available here]].

==PIM workshops==

[http://pimworkshop.org/ PIM Workshops] are intended to bring PIM researchers together. Workshops are held every 18 months as a part of a bigger conference.

List of past PIM workshops:

* 2011, May 7-12, CHI 2011, Vancouver
* [http://pimworkshop.org/2009/index.php?page=cfp 2009, November 7-8, ASIS&T 2009 Workshop, Vancouver, BC, Canada]
* [http://pim2008.ethz.ch/index.php 2008, April 5-6, CHI 2008 Workshop, Florence, Italy]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim06/index.htm 2006, August 10-11, SIGIR 2006 Workshop, Seattle, Washington]
* [http://pim.ischool.washington.edu/pim05home.htm 2005, January 27-29, An NSF-Sponsored Invitational Workshop, Seattle, Washington]

Talk:Tools for organizing thoughts (Andrius Kulikauskas)

2010-09-13T11:16:11Z

Mkljun: Blanked the page

Talk:Tools for organizing thoughts (Andrius Kulikauskas)

2010-09-13T11:15:25Z

Mkljun: Reverted edits by 91.214.45.7 (talk) to last revision by Mkljun

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Talk:Tools for organizing thoughts (Andrius Kulikauskas)

2010-09-13T10:29:15Z

Mkljun: Undo revision 536 by 91.214.45.7 (talk)